Colletotrichum siamense and Pestalotiopsis jesteri as potential pathogens of new rubber leaf spot disease via detached leaf assay

Pathogenicity and molecular phylogenetic analysis reveal Colletotrichum siamense as causal agent of leaf fall disease in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in southern Thailand

“…The pathogen was unable to infect unwounded leaves using the pathogenicity test techniques. These findings were similar to those of Aliya et al (2022) and Pornsuriya et al (2020), as they reported that none of the unwounded leaves produced any lesions. It can be assumed that the rubber leaves were infected by the pathogen only in the presence of wounds, which was probably caused by other microorganisms, insects, poor soil conditions, lack of nutrition, wind, heavy rainfall or human activities (Aliya et al, 2022).…”

“…These findings were similar to those of Aliya et al (2022) and Pornsuriya et al (2020), as they reported that none of the unwounded leaves produced any lesions. It can be assumed that the rubber leaves were infected by the pathogen only in the presence of wounds, which was probably caused by other microorganisms, insects, poor soil conditions, lack of nutrition, wind, heavy rainfall or human activities (Aliya et al, 2022). In Narathiwat province, where the leaf fall disease was first observed, severe occurrences have been noted in the monsoon season from October to December.…”

“…; however, Pornsuriya et al (2020) reported that Neopestalotiopsis cubana and N. formicarum were the causal pathogens of new leaf fall disease. However, the causal pathogen of the new leaf fall disease in the current study was the same fungus as reported by Aliya et al (2022), who determined that C. siamense was the primary pathogen of leaf fall disease and Pestalotiopsis jesteri was the secondary pathogen in Malaysia.…”

“…This disease was identified to be a new leaf fall disease based on the defoliation of the trees (Rojsujit et al, 2020). This leaf fall disease has also been observed in Indonesia, India, Malaysia and Sri Lanka with similar symptoms (Aliya et al, 2022). Initially, the outbreak of this disease was reported in 2016 in a rubber plantation in North Sumatra, Indonesia.…”

Pathogenicity and molecular phylogenetic analysis reveal Colletotrichum siamense as causal agent of leaf fall disease in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in southern Thailand

“…The pathogen was unable to infect unwounded leaves using the pathogenicity test techniques. These findings were similar to those of Aliya et al (2022) and Pornsuriya et al (2020), as they reported that none of the unwounded leaves produced any lesions. It can be assumed that the rubber leaves were infected by the pathogen only in the presence of wounds, which was probably caused by other microorganisms, insects, poor soil conditions, lack of nutrition, wind, heavy rainfall or human activities (Aliya et al, 2022).…”

“…These findings were similar to those of Aliya et al (2022) and Pornsuriya et al (2020), as they reported that none of the unwounded leaves produced any lesions. It can be assumed that the rubber leaves were infected by the pathogen only in the presence of wounds, which was probably caused by other microorganisms, insects, poor soil conditions, lack of nutrition, wind, heavy rainfall or human activities (Aliya et al, 2022). In Narathiwat province, where the leaf fall disease was first observed, severe occurrences have been noted in the monsoon season from October to December.…”

“…; however, Pornsuriya et al (2020) reported that Neopestalotiopsis cubana and N. formicarum were the causal pathogens of new leaf fall disease. However, the causal pathogen of the new leaf fall disease in the current study was the same fungus as reported by Aliya et al (2022), who determined that C. siamense was the primary pathogen of leaf fall disease and Pestalotiopsis jesteri was the secondary pathogen in Malaysia.…”

“…This disease was identified to be a new leaf fall disease based on the defoliation of the trees (Rojsujit et al, 2020). This leaf fall disease has also been observed in Indonesia, India, Malaysia and Sri Lanka with similar symptoms (Aliya et al, 2022). Initially, the outbreak of this disease was reported in 2016 in a rubber plantation in North Sumatra, Indonesia.…”

New leaf fall disease in rubber-pathogen characterization and rubber clone resistance evaluation using detached leaf assay

“…Although the ITS gene in the Pestalotiopsis has a low variation between species, this marker is widely used for Pestalotiopsis identification (Maharachchikumbura et al 2012;Maharachchikumbura et al 2014;Liu et al 2017;Diogo et al 2021). The ITS gene has also been successfully used for Pestalotiopsis identification which causes leaf fall disease in rubber trees (Kusdiana et al 2020;Li et al 2021;Aliya et al 2022a). The results of this study indicated that the ITS gene could be used to identify Pestalotiopsis.…”

Pathogenicity and molecular phylogenetic analysis reveal Colletotrichum siamense as causal agent of leaf fall disease in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in southern Thailand

“…The pathogen was unable to infect unwounded leaves using the pathogenicity test techniques. These findings were similar to those of Aliya et al (2022) and Pornsuriya et al (2020), as they reported that none of the unwounded leaves produced any lesions. It can be assumed that the rubber leaves were infected by the pathogen only in the presence of wounds, which was probably caused by other microorganisms, insects, poor soil conditions, lack of nutrition, wind, heavy rainfall or human activities (Aliya et al, 2022).…”

“…These findings were similar to those of Aliya et al (2022) and Pornsuriya et al (2020), as they reported that none of the unwounded leaves produced any lesions. It can be assumed that the rubber leaves were infected by the pathogen only in the presence of wounds, which was probably caused by other microorganisms, insects, poor soil conditions, lack of nutrition, wind, heavy rainfall or human activities (Aliya et al, 2022). In Narathiwat province, where the leaf fall disease was first observed, severe occurrences have been noted in the monsoon season from October to December.…”

“…; however, Pornsuriya et al (2020) reported that Neopestalotiopsis cubana and N. formicarum were the causal pathogens of new leaf fall disease. However, the causal pathogen of the new leaf fall disease in the current study was the same fungus as reported by Aliya et al (2022), who determined that C. siamense was the primary pathogen of leaf fall disease and Pestalotiopsis jesteri was the secondary pathogen in Malaysia.…”

“…This disease was identified to be a new leaf fall disease based on the defoliation of the trees (Rojsujit et al, 2020). This leaf fall disease has also been observed in Indonesia, India, Malaysia and Sri Lanka with similar symptoms (Aliya et al, 2022). Initially, the outbreak of this disease was reported in 2016 in a rubber plantation in North Sumatra, Indonesia.…”

New leaf fall disease in rubber-pathogen characterization and rubber clone resistance evaluation using detached leaf assay

“…Although the ITS gene in the Pestalotiopsis has a low variation between species, this marker is widely used for Pestalotiopsis identification (Maharachchikumbura et al 2012;Maharachchikumbura et al 2014;Liu et al 2017;Diogo et al 2021). The ITS gene has also been successfully used for Pestalotiopsis identification which causes leaf fall disease in rubber trees (Kusdiana et al 2020;Li et al 2021;Aliya et al 2022a). The results of this study indicated that the ITS gene could be used to identify Pestalotiopsis.…”

Pathogenicity and molecular phylogenetic analysis reveal Colletotrichum siamense as causal agent of leaf fall disease in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in southern Thailand

“…The pathogen was unable to infect unwounded leaves using the pathogenicity test techniques. These findings were similar to those of Aliya et al (2022) and Pornsuriya et al (2020), as they reported that none of the unwounded leaves produced any lesions. It can be assumed that the rubber leaves were infected by the pathogen only in the presence of wounds, which was probably caused by other microorganisms, insects, poor soil conditions, lack of nutrition, wind, heavy rainfall or human activities (Aliya et al, 2022).…”

“…These findings were similar to those of Aliya et al (2022) and Pornsuriya et al (2020), as they reported that none of the unwounded leaves produced any lesions. It can be assumed that the rubber leaves were infected by the pathogen only in the presence of wounds, which was probably caused by other microorganisms, insects, poor soil conditions, lack of nutrition, wind, heavy rainfall or human activities (Aliya et al, 2022). In Narathiwat province, where the leaf fall disease was first observed, severe occurrences have been noted in the monsoon season from October to December.…”

“…; however, Pornsuriya et al (2020) reported that Neopestalotiopsis cubana and N. formicarum were the causal pathogens of new leaf fall disease. However, the causal pathogen of the new leaf fall disease in the current study was the same fungus as reported by Aliya et al (2022), who determined that C. siamense was the primary pathogen of leaf fall disease and Pestalotiopsis jesteri was the secondary pathogen in Malaysia.…”

“…This disease was identified to be a new leaf fall disease based on the defoliation of the trees (Rojsujit et al, 2020). This leaf fall disease has also been observed in Indonesia, India, Malaysia and Sri Lanka with similar symptoms (Aliya et al, 2022). Initially, the outbreak of this disease was reported in 2016 in a rubber plantation in North Sumatra, Indonesia.…”

New leaf fall disease in rubber-pathogen characterization and rubber clone resistance evaluation using detached leaf assay

“…Although the ITS gene in the Pestalotiopsis has a low variation between species, this marker is widely used for Pestalotiopsis identification (Maharachchikumbura et al 2012;Maharachchikumbura et al 2014;Liu et al 2017;Diogo et al 2021). The ITS gene has also been successfully used for Pestalotiopsis identification which causes leaf fall disease in rubber trees (Kusdiana et al 2020;Li et al 2021;Aliya et al 2022a). The results of this study indicated that the ITS gene could be used to identify Pestalotiopsis.…”