Baseline Calibration Scheme Embedded in Single-Slope ADC for Gas Sensor Applications

Abstract

This paper introduces a single-slope analog-to-digital converter (SS ADC) with an embedded digital baseline calibration scheme designed to improve the accuracy and reliability of gas sensor measurements. The proposed SS ADC effectively leverages an up/down counter mechanism to ensure stable signal extraction from gas sensors, despite variations in the baseline distribution. The proposed SS ADC initiates with a down counting operation to capture the initial output value of the gas sensor, which, after A/D conversion, is stored as a reference point for future readings. Subsequent gas sensor output values are derived by performing an up counting operation from this baseline reference. This approach allows for real-time correction of the baseline during the SS A/D conversion process, obviating the need for complex post-processing and baseline correction algorithms. The proposed SS ADC with the baseline calibration scheme was designed using a 0.18 μm standard CMOS process to confirm its feasibility. It demonstrated a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 57.56 dB and a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 59.02 dB, resulting in an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 9.27 bits in the post-simulation level. The proposed SS ADC has a total power consumption of 1.649 mW. This work offers an efficient solution to the baseline distribution problem in gas sensors, facilitating more reliable and accurate gas detection systems.

Effects of ozone treatment on the baseline stability of Pd-modified SnO 2 gas sensors

“…Hyeon et al embedded a digital baseline calibration scheme in a singleslope ADC. Using up/down counting and a special counter, they enabled real -time baseline correction during A/D conversion, eliminating gas sensor baseline drift [24].Jiang et al proposed a transfer learning method based on balanced distribution adaptation (BDA) to address the baseline drift issue in metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor arrays [25]. Grover et al proposed a novel method to eliminate baseline drift in multivariable chemical sensors by combining time series analysis with Kalman filtering techniques, effectively enhancing the accuracy and reliability of low-cost sensors in gas quantification and classification applications [26].…”

Effects of ozone treatment on the baseline stability of Pd-modified SnO 2 gas sensors

“…Hyeon et al embedded a digital baseline calibration scheme in a singleslope ADC. Using up/down counting and a special counter, they enabled real -time baseline correction during A/D conversion, eliminating gas sensor baseline drift [24].Jiang et al proposed a transfer learning method based on balanced distribution adaptation (BDA) to address the baseline drift issue in metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor arrays [25]. Grover et al proposed a novel method to eliminate baseline drift in multivariable chemical sensors by combining time series analysis with Kalman filtering techniques, effectively enhancing the accuracy and reliability of low-cost sensors in gas quantification and classification applications [26].…”

Effects of ozone treatment on the baseline stability of Pd-modified SnO 2 gas sensors

“…Hyeon et al embedded a digital baseline calibration scheme in a singleslope ADC. Using up/down counting and a special counter, they enabled real -time baseline correction during A/D conversion, eliminating gas sensor baseline drift [24].Jiang et al proposed a transfer learning method based on balanced distribution adaptation (BDA) to address the baseline drift issue in metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor arrays [25]. Grover et al proposed a novel method to eliminate baseline drift in multivariable chemical sensors by combining time series analysis with Kalman filtering techniques, effectively enhancing the accuracy and reliability of low-cost sensors in gas quantification and classification applications [26].…”

Effects of ozone treatment on the baseline stability of Pd-modified SnO 2 gas sensors

“…Hyeon et al embedded a digital baseline calibration scheme in a singleslope ADC. Using up/down counting and a special counter, they enabled real -time baseline correction during A/D conversion, eliminating gas sensor baseline drift [24].Jiang et al proposed a transfer learning method based on balanced distribution adaptation (BDA) to address the baseline drift issue in metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor arrays [25]. Grover et al proposed a novel method to eliminate baseline drift in multivariable chemical sensors by combining time series analysis with Kalman filtering techniques, effectively enhancing the accuracy and reliability of low-cost sensors in gas quantification and classification applications [26].…”