COVID-19 in Spain: view from the eye of the storm

Evaluation of Spanish Health System during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Accountability and Wellbeing Results

“…Hypothesis 1 is therefore rejected. These results contrast with the importance of transparency in pandemic management, as has been demonstrated in other countries [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

“…In this way, the lack of collaboration between the different actors would make it difficult to fight the pandemic. In summary, these results suggest that the flow of communication about the health system has increased, in accordance with its importance in a health crisis [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. However, there has been no collaboration for the implementation of a communication strategy between health authorities and the media, something essential in the success of management in other countries [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…Thirdly, the reputation of the health system is shaped by the perception of various stakeholders [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. This article has analyzed it from the perspective of professionals and experts in the field, on the one hand, and from the perspective of citizens, on the other.…”

Evaluation of Spanish Health System during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Accountability and Wellbeing Results

“…Hypothesis 1 is therefore rejected. These results contrast with the importance of transparency in pandemic management, as has been demonstrated in other countries [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

“…In this way, the lack of collaboration between the different actors would make it difficult to fight the pandemic. In summary, these results suggest that the flow of communication about the health system has increased, in accordance with its importance in a health crisis [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. However, there has been no collaboration for the implementation of a communication strategy between health authorities and the media, something essential in the success of management in other countries [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…Thirdly, the reputation of the health system is shaped by the perception of various stakeholders [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. This article has analyzed it from the perspective of professionals and experts in the field, on the one hand, and from the perspective of citizens, on the other.…”

A network Data Envelopment Analysis to estimate nations’ efficiency in the fight against SARS-CoV-2

“…Besides, bridging our results with the prospects presented in Section 1 , Austria and Switzerland have indeed been identified as having relatively successful COVID-19 national strategies, with Germany showing a slightly lower mean system efficiency from the aggregate perspective ( Desson, Lambertz et al, 2020 ). However, Southern European countries like Portugal, Spain, and Italy have some of the lowest mean system efficiency scores, emerging from the aggregate perspective with scores of 1 or 2, which confirms the major impact that the pandemic has had on their health systems ( Moros et al, 2021 , Sanfelici, 2020 ). As for the Anglo-Saxon nations, both the UK and the USA are found at the bottom of the ranking, something that is in line with the fact that they are two of the most affected countries by the SARS-CoV-2 crisis ( Gurdasani et al, 2020 ).…”

Estimating the COVID-19 Prevalence in Spain With Indirect Reporting via Open Surveys

“…These numbers contrast with the officially reported number of deaths due to COVID-19, which rests at 50, 837 (5). This discrepancy is corroborated in publications from official government authorities, which indicate an ongoing estimated underreporting of 20-40% (6).…”

Evaluation of Spanish Health System during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Accountability and Wellbeing Results

“…Hypothesis 1 is therefore rejected. These results contrast with the importance of transparency in pandemic management, as has been demonstrated in other countries [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

“…In this way, the lack of collaboration between the different actors would make it difficult to fight the pandemic. In summary, these results suggest that the flow of communication about the health system has increased, in accordance with its importance in a health crisis [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. However, there has been no collaboration for the implementation of a communication strategy between health authorities and the media, something essential in the success of management in other countries [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…Thirdly, the reputation of the health system is shaped by the perception of various stakeholders [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. This article has analyzed it from the perspective of professionals and experts in the field, on the one hand, and from the perspective of citizens, on the other.…”

A network Data Envelopment Analysis to estimate nations’ efficiency in the fight against SARS-CoV-2

“…Besides, bridging our results with the prospects presented in Section 1 , Austria and Switzerland have indeed been identified as having relatively successful COVID-19 national strategies, with Germany showing a slightly lower mean system efficiency from the aggregate perspective ( Desson, Lambertz et al, 2020 ). However, Southern European countries like Portugal, Spain, and Italy have some of the lowest mean system efficiency scores, emerging from the aggregate perspective with scores of 1 or 2, which confirms the major impact that the pandemic has had on their health systems ( Moros et al, 2021 , Sanfelici, 2020 ). As for the Anglo-Saxon nations, both the UK and the USA are found at the bottom of the ranking, something that is in line with the fact that they are two of the most affected countries by the SARS-CoV-2 crisis ( Gurdasani et al, 2020 ).…”

Estimating the COVID-19 Prevalence in Spain With Indirect Reporting via Open Surveys

“…These numbers contrast with the officially reported number of deaths due to COVID-19, which rests at 50, 837 (5). This discrepancy is corroborated in publications from official government authorities, which indicate an ongoing estimated underreporting of 20-40% (6).…”

Evaluation of Spanish Health System during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Accountability and Wellbeing Results

“…Hypothesis 1 is therefore rejected. These results contrast with the importance of transparency in pandemic management, as has been demonstrated in other countries [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

“…In this way, the lack of collaboration between the different actors would make it difficult to fight the pandemic. In summary, these results suggest that the flow of communication about the health system has increased, in accordance with its importance in a health crisis [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. However, there has been no collaboration for the implementation of a communication strategy between health authorities and the media, something essential in the success of management in other countries [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…Thirdly, the reputation of the health system is shaped by the perception of various stakeholders [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. This article has analyzed it from the perspective of professionals and experts in the field, on the one hand, and from the perspective of citizens, on the other.…”

A network Data Envelopment Analysis to estimate nations’ efficiency in the fight against SARS-CoV-2

“…Besides, bridging our results with the prospects presented in Section 1 , Austria and Switzerland have indeed been identified as having relatively successful COVID-19 national strategies, with Germany showing a slightly lower mean system efficiency from the aggregate perspective ( Desson, Lambertz et al, 2020 ). However, Southern European countries like Portugal, Spain, and Italy have some of the lowest mean system efficiency scores, emerging from the aggregate perspective with scores of 1 or 2, which confirms the major impact that the pandemic has had on their health systems ( Moros et al, 2021 , Sanfelici, 2020 ). As for the Anglo-Saxon nations, both the UK and the USA are found at the bottom of the ranking, something that is in line with the fact that they are two of the most affected countries by the SARS-CoV-2 crisis ( Gurdasani et al, 2020 ).…”

Estimating the COVID-19 Prevalence in Spain With Indirect Reporting via Open Surveys

“…These numbers contrast with the officially reported number of deaths due to COVID-19, which rests at 50, 837 (5). This discrepancy is corroborated in publications from official government authorities, which indicate an ongoing estimated underreporting of 20-40% (6).…”