Lifetime exposure to a soluble TGF-β antagonist protects mice against metastasis without adverse side effects

Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus c-rel Transgenic Mice Develop Mammary Tumors

“…In addition to mammary carcinomas, several mice had enlarged spleen or other abnormalities including lymphoid or myeloid hyperplasia or centrocytic lymphomas in the spleen, which can be correlated to the expression of the transgene in (Fig. 1B), as also shown in previous studies of mammary tumors in transgenic mice using the same promoter (55,67). By contrast, only rare (Ͻ1%) spontaneous cases of mammary tumors were reported in the FVB/N strain, consisting of squamous carcinomas or keratoacanthomas (42).…”

Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus c-rel Transgenic Mice Develop Mammary Tumors

“…In addition to mammary carcinomas, several mice had enlarged spleen or other abnormalities including lymphoid or myeloid hyperplasia or centrocytic lymphomas in the spleen, which can be correlated to the expression of the transgene in (Fig. 1B), as also shown in previous studies of mammary tumors in transgenic mice using the same promoter (55,67). By contrast, only rare (Ͻ1%) spontaneous cases of mammary tumors were reported in the FVB/N strain, consisting of squamous carcinomas or keratoacanthomas (42).…”

Transforming growth factor β signaling impairs Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis while promoting pulmonary metastasis

“…Recently, a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of T␤RII linked to the Fc component of IgG (Fc:T␤RII) was able to suppress lung metastases in both polyoma virus Middle T-induced and Neu-induced mammary tumors but, unlike our studies, no effect was observed on the growth of the primary tumor (36,37). The failure of the Fc:T␤RII antagonist to potentiate polyoma virus Middle T-induced tumorigenesis may reflect the fact that these are aggressively growing tumors that have already lost their sensitivity to TGF-␤-mediated growth arrest (36).…”

Roles of ikB-alpha Protein Kinases in Activation of NF-kB in Breast Cancer

“…23,2003 c-Rel AND MAMMARY GLAND TUMORIGENESIS 5751 splenocytes (Fig. 1B), as also shown in previous studies of mammary tumors in transgenic mice using the same promoter (55,67). By contrast, only rare (Ͻ1%) spontaneous cases of mammary tumors were reported in the FVB/N strain, consisting of squamous carcinomas or keratoacanthomas (42).…”

Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus c-rel Transgenic Mice Develop Mammary Tumors

“…In addition to mammary carcinomas, several mice had enlarged spleen or other abnormalities including lymphoid or myeloid hyperplasia or centrocytic lymphomas in the spleen, which can be correlated to the expression of the transgene in (Fig. 1B), as also shown in previous studies of mammary tumors in transgenic mice using the same promoter (55,67). By contrast, only rare (Ͻ1%) spontaneous cases of mammary tumors were reported in the FVB/N strain, consisting of squamous carcinomas or keratoacanthomas (42).…”

Transforming growth factor β signaling impairs Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis while promoting pulmonary metastasis

“…Recently, a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of T␤RII linked to the Fc component of IgG (Fc:T␤RII) was able to suppress lung metastases in both polyoma virus Middle T-induced and Neu-induced mammary tumors but, unlike our studies, no effect was observed on the growth of the primary tumor (36,37). The failure of the Fc:T␤RII antagonist to potentiate polyoma virus Middle T-induced tumorigenesis may reflect the fact that these are aggressively growing tumors that have already lost their sensitivity to TGF-␤-mediated growth arrest (36).…”

Roles of ikB-alpha Protein Kinases in Activation of NF-kB in Breast Cancer

“…23,2003 c-Rel AND MAMMARY GLAND TUMORIGENESIS 5751 splenocytes (Fig. 1B), as also shown in previous studies of mammary tumors in transgenic mice using the same promoter (55,67). By contrast, only rare (Ͻ1%) spontaneous cases of mammary tumors were reported in the FVB/N strain, consisting of squamous carcinomas or keratoacanthomas (42).…”

Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus c-rel Transgenic Mice Develop Mammary Tumors

“…In addition to mammary carcinomas, several mice had enlarged spleen or other abnormalities including lymphoid or myeloid hyperplasia or centrocytic lymphomas in the spleen, which can be correlated to the expression of the transgene in (Fig. 1B), as also shown in previous studies of mammary tumors in transgenic mice using the same promoter (55,67). By contrast, only rare (Ͻ1%) spontaneous cases of mammary tumors were reported in the FVB/N strain, consisting of squamous carcinomas or keratoacanthomas (42).…”

Transforming growth factor β signaling impairs Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis while promoting pulmonary metastasis

“…Recently, a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of T␤RII linked to the Fc component of IgG (Fc:T␤RII) was able to suppress lung metastases in both polyoma virus Middle T-induced and Neu-induced mammary tumors but, unlike our studies, no effect was observed on the growth of the primary tumor (36,37). The failure of the Fc:T␤RII antagonist to potentiate polyoma virus Middle T-induced tumorigenesis may reflect the fact that these are aggressively growing tumors that have already lost their sensitivity to TGF-␤-mediated growth arrest (36).…”

Roles of ikB-alpha Protein Kinases in Activation of NF-kB in Breast Cancer

“…23,2003 c-Rel AND MAMMARY GLAND TUMORIGENESIS 5751 splenocytes (Fig. 1B), as also shown in previous studies of mammary tumors in transgenic mice using the same promoter (55,67). By contrast, only rare (Ͻ1%) spontaneous cases of mammary tumors were reported in the FVB/N strain, consisting of squamous carcinomas or keratoacanthomas (42).…”