Probing Local Pressure Environment in Anvil Cells with Nitrogen-Vacancy (N-V−) Centers in Diamond

Abstract

Important discoveries have frequently been made through the studies of matter under high pressure. The conditions of the pressure environment are important for the interpretation of the experimental results. Due to various restrictions inside the pressure cell, detailed information relevant to the pressure environment, such as the pressure distribution, can be hard to obtain experimentally. Here we present the study of pressure distributions inside the pressure medium under different experimental conditions with NVcenters in diamond particles as the sensor. These studies not only show a good spatial resolution, wide temperature and pressure working ranges, compatibility of the existing pressure cell design with the new method, but also demonstrate the usefulness to measure with these sensors as the pressure distribution is sensitive to various factors. The method and the results will benefit many disciplines such as material research and phase transitions in fluid dynamics.

First-principles Calculation of the Temperature-dependent Transition Energies in Spin Defects

“…The C (1) C (2) C (3) most sensitive temperature dependence appears for C (3) atoms, where the temperature shift approaches 47.2 kHz at 300 K. At room temperature, the slope dν A /dT for C (1) , C (2) , and C (3) are 380, -58, 468 Hz/K, respectively. Previously, experimental work on the temperature dependence of 13 C hyperfine interaction did not provide definite results due to the high noise, while their computational study did not consider the second-order dynamical phonon effect [29]. Our results provide a theoretical prediction for ν A (T ) of 13 C atoms in NV centers, which could be measured by the nuclear spin transition [47].…”

“…Beyond accurately reproducing experimental results, we can predict the hyperfine temperature shift of 13 C nuclear spins around the NV center, which have been actively investigated as qubits [29,[48][49][50][51] (Fig. 4a).…”

First-principles Calculation of the Temperature-dependent Transition Energies in Spin Defects

“…The C (1) C (2) C (3) most sensitive temperature dependence appears for C (3) atoms, where the temperature shift approaches 47.2 kHz at 300 K. At room temperature, the slope dν A /dT for C (1) , C (2) , and C (3) are 380, -58, 468 Hz/K, respectively. Previously, experimental work on the temperature dependence of 13 C hyperfine interaction did not provide definite results due to the high noise, while their computational study did not consider the second-order dynamical phonon effect [29]. Our results provide a theoretical prediction for ν A (T ) of 13 C atoms in NV centers, which could be measured by the nuclear spin transition [47].…”

“…Beyond accurately reproducing experimental results, we can predict the hyperfine temperature shift of 13 C nuclear spins around the NV center, which have been actively investigated as qubits [29,[48][49][50][51] (Fig. 4a).…”

Magnetic detection under high pressures using designed silicon vacancy centers in silicon carbide

“…As shown in Fig. 2b, the mean ZFS parameter D increases linearly with the pressure with the coe cient of 0.31 ± 0.01 MHz/GPa, which is much less than the 14.6 MHz/GPa of the NV centers in diamond 6,10,11 . The smaller slope is bene cial for directly observing the shift of the ODMR signal with a large pressure range.…”

Pressure distribution imaging through wide-field optical detected magnetic resonance

“…[40] The slope is marginally smaller than previously reported results, which is likely due to the absence of a PTM in the present study. [26,31,41,42] The sensitivity of the nanodiamond-based pressure sensor was further evaluated. As shown in Fig.…”

First-principles Calculation of the Temperature-dependent Transition Energies in Spin Defects

“…The C (1) C (2) C (3) most sensitive temperature dependence appears for C (3) atoms, where the temperature shift approaches 47.2 kHz at 300 K. At room temperature, the slope dν A /dT for C (1) , C (2) , and C (3) are 380, -58, 468 Hz/K, respectively. Previously, experimental work on the temperature dependence of 13 C hyperfine interaction did not provide definite results due to the high noise, while their computational study did not consider the second-order dynamical phonon effect [29]. Our results provide a theoretical prediction for ν A (T ) of 13 C atoms in NV centers, which could be measured by the nuclear spin transition [47].…”

“…Beyond accurately reproducing experimental results, we can predict the hyperfine temperature shift of 13 C nuclear spins around the NV center, which have been actively investigated as qubits [29,[48][49][50][51] (Fig. 4a).…”

Magnetic detection under high pressures using designed silicon vacancy centers in silicon carbide

“…As shown in Fig. 2b, the mean ZFS parameter D increases linearly with the pressure with the coe cient of 0.31 ± 0.01 MHz/GPa, which is much less than the 14.6 MHz/GPa of the NV centers in diamond 6,10,11 . The smaller slope is bene cial for directly observing the shift of the ODMR signal with a large pressure range.…”

Pressure distribution imaging through wide-field optical detected magnetic resonance

“…[40] The slope is marginally smaller than previously reported results, which is likely due to the absence of a PTM in the present study. [26,31,41,42] The sensitivity of the nanodiamond-based pressure sensor was further evaluated. As shown in Fig.…”

First-principles Calculation of the Temperature-dependent Transition Energies in Spin Defects

“…The C (1) C (2) C (3) most sensitive temperature dependence appears for C (3) atoms, where the temperature shift approaches 47.2 kHz at 300 K. At room temperature, the slope dν A /dT for C (1) , C (2) , and C (3) are 380, -58, 468 Hz/K, respectively. Previously, experimental work on the temperature dependence of 13 C hyperfine interaction did not provide definite results due to the high noise, while their computational study did not consider the second-order dynamical phonon effect [29]. Our results provide a theoretical prediction for ν A (T ) of 13 C atoms in NV centers, which could be measured by the nuclear spin transition [47].…”

“…Beyond accurately reproducing experimental results, we can predict the hyperfine temperature shift of 13 C nuclear spins around the NV center, which have been actively investigated as qubits [29,[48][49][50][51] (Fig. 4a).…”

Magnetic detection under high pressures using designed silicon vacancy centers in silicon carbide

“…As shown in Fig. 2b, the mean ZFS parameter D increases linearly with the pressure with the coe cient of 0.31 ± 0.01 MHz/GPa, which is much less than the 14.6 MHz/GPa of the NV centers in diamond 6,10,11 . The smaller slope is bene cial for directly observing the shift of the ODMR signal with a large pressure range.…”

Pressure distribution imaging through wide-field optical detected magnetic resonance

“…[40] The slope is marginally smaller than previously reported results, which is likely due to the absence of a PTM in the present study. [26,31,41,42] The sensitivity of the nanodiamond-based pressure sensor was further evaluated. As shown in Fig.…”