A comparison of the effects of hippocampal or prefrontal cortical lesions on three versions of delayed non-matching-to-sample based on positional or spatial cues

Porter, M. Christine; Burk, Joshua A.; Mair, Robert G.

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(99)00161-8

Cited by 67 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Interestingly, no disruption was obtained when they were tested to retrieve rapidly acquired locations after 5 and 60 min delay periods. This is inconsistent with previous studies that the rodent mPFC is engaged in spatial working memory (Delatour and Gisquet-Verrier, 1996;Ragozzino et al, 1998;Porter et al, 2000). However, this idea has been recently challenged by observations that mPFC is not directly involved in the short-term maintenance of information but rather in behavioral flexibility and strategy shifting (Ragozzino et al, 1999;Delatour and Gisquet-Verrier, 2000).…”

Section: Ca3 and Spatial Memory Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Involved in Spatial Memory Retrieval under Partial-Cue Conditions

Jo¹,

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

111

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Brain circuits involved in pattern completion, or retrieval of memory from fragmented cues, were investigated. Using different versions of the Morris water maze, we explored the roles of the CA3 subregion of the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in spatial memory retrieval under various conditions. In a hidden platform task, both CA3 and mPFC lesions disrupted memory retrieval under partial-cue, but not under full-cue, conditions. For a delayed matching-to-place task, CA3 lesions produced a deficit in both forming and recalling spatial working memory regardless of extramaze cue conditions. In contrast, damage to mPFC impaired memory retrieval only when a fraction of cues was available. To corroborate the lesion study, we examined the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos in mPFC and the hippocampus. After training of spatial reference memory in full-cue conditions for 6 d, the same training procedure in the absence of all cues except one increased the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells in mPFC and CA3. Furthermore, mPFC inactivation with muscimol, a GABA agonist, blocked memory retrieval in the degraded-cue environment. However, mPFC-lesioned animals initially trained in a single-cue environment had no difficulty in retrieving spatial memory when the number of cues was increased, demonstrating that contextual change per se did not impair the behavioral performance of the mPFC-lesioned animals. Together, these findings strongly suggest that pattern completion requires interactions between mPFC and the hippocampus, in which mPFC plays significant roles in retrieving spatial information maintained in the hippocampus for efficient navigation.

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Section: Ca3 and Spatial Memory Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Involved in Spatial Memory Retrieval under Partial-Cue Conditions

Jo¹,

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

111

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“…While some studies show delay-independent impairment of working memory with the disruption of the PFC (Chudasama and Muir 1997;Porter et al 2000), others show delay-dependent deterioration of working memory (Delatour and Gisquet-Verrier 1996;Sloan et al 2006). Contrasting results may be attributable to different lesion methods (electrolytic vs. excitotoxic vs. radiofrequency vs. aspiration) and behavioral tasks (lever pressing vs. radial arm maze).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the PFC is necessary when the task is divided into two halves and a long delay is imposed between them (Bubser and Schmidt 1990;Floresco et al 1997). An interesting finding by Porter et al (2000) shows that mPFC lesions produce a delay-dependent working memory deficit in the alternating arm choice response (the same two arms available repeatedly) on a radial arm maze when extramaze spatial cues are available. However, the deficit becomes delay-independent when spatial information is not provided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus subserve different components of working memory in rats

Yoon¹,

Okada²,

Jung³

et al. 2008

Learn. Mem.

209

149

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Both the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus are implicated in working memory tasks in rodents. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that the mPFC is primarily engaged in the temporary storage and processing of information lasting from a subsecond to several seconds, while the hippocampal function becomes more critical as the working memory demand extends into longer temporal scales. Although these structures may be engaged in a temporally separable manner, the extent of their contributions in the "informational content" of working memory remains unclear. To investigate this issue, the mPFC and dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) were temporarily inactivated via targeted infusions of the GABA A receptor agonist muscimol in rats prior to their performance on a delayed alternation task (DAT), employing an automated figure-eight maze that required the animals to make alternating arm choice responses after 3-, 30-, and 60-sec delays for water reward. We report that inactivation of either the mPFC or dHPC significantly reduced DAT at all delay intervals tested. However, there were key qualitative differences in the behavioral effects. Specifically, mPFC inactivation selectively impaired working memory (i.e., arm choice accuracy) without altering reference memory (i.e., the maze task rule) and arm choice response latencies. In contrast, dHPC inactivation increased both reference memory errors and arm choice response latencies. Moreover, dHPC, but not mPFC, inactivation increased the incidence of successive working memory errors. These results suggest that while both the mPFC and hippocampus are necessarily involved in DAT, they seem to process different informational components associated with the memory task.Working memory is generally defined as cognitive entities (or "central executive" mechanisms) relating to temporary storage and operation of information in both humans and animals (Baddeley and Hitch 1974;Goldman-Rakic 1996;Fuster 2001;Dudchenko 2004). The memory may be about simple sensory stimulus, relatively complex objects, or spatial location (Olton et al. 1979;Delatour and Gisquet-Verrier 1996;Floresco et al. 1997;Hampson et al. 1999). Evidence from primate studies originally implicated the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as being crucial for working memory (Baddeley 1986;Goldman-Rakic 1987;Miller et al. 1991). For instance, damage to the PFC produces impairments in various working memory tasks in humans and non-human primates (Kolb 1990;Fuster 1997;Stuss and Alexander 2000). Additionally, recording and brain imaging studies found neural activity correlates of working memory, i.e., increased PFC activity during the delay period (Fuster and Alexander 1971;Kubota and Niki 1971;Funahashi et al. 1989).In rodents, a delayed alternation task (DAT; employing T, radial-arm, and figure-eight mazes) has been widely used to further investigate the PFC-working memory hypothesis (Murphy et al. 1996;Zahrt et al. 1997;Baeg et al. 2003Baeg et al. , 2007Schoenbaum et al. 2003;Birnbaum et al. 2004;Clinton et al. 2006). In this t...

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“…These impairments are less severe with entorhinal lesions than combinations of entorhinal and perirhinal lesions (Leonard et al, 1995), indicating the importance of direct input to the hippocampus from other regions. In rats, medial prefrontal lesions impair delayed matching function for egocentric responses in a T-maze (Aggleton et al, 1995;Ragozzino and Kesner, 2001) and for recurring choices in an eight-arm maze or operant task (Porter et al, 2000), but some researchers argue for its role in attention or behavioral flexibility rather than working memory (Delatour and Gisquet-Verrier, 2000). Lesions of orbital prefrontal cortex impair delayed nonmatch performance more for small numbers of odors, whereas entorhinal-perirhinal lesions impair performance with larger numbers of odors (Otto and Eichenbaum, 1992), indicating that familiar representations in the prefrontal cortex may be important for working memory in conditions of high interference when a small number of items results in greater confusion of item context.…”

Section: Relationship To Cognitive Neurosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats Impairs Encoding of Novel But Not Familiar Stimuli in a Delayed Nonmatch-to-Sample Task

McGaughy¹,

Koene²,

Eichenbaum³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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Acetylcholine may regulate working memory for novel stimuli by activating intrinsic mechanisms for sustained spiking in entorhinal cortical neurons, which have been demonstrated in slice preparations of the entorhinal cortex. Computational modeling demonstrates that loss of the cholinergic activation of intrinsic mechanisms for sustained activity could selectively impair working memory for novel stimuli, whereas working memory for familiar stimuli could be maintained because of previously modified synapses. Blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors and selective cholinergic lesions has been shown to impair encoding in delayed matching tasks. However, previous studies have not compared explicitly the role of cholinergic modulation in working memory for novel versus familiar stimuli. Here, we show that lesions of the cholinergic innervation of the entorhinal cortex selectively impair delayed nonmatch to sample performance for novel odors, whereas delayed nonmatch to sample for familiar odors is spared. This indicates an important role for cholinergic innervation of the entorhinal cortex in working memory for novel stimuli.

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A comparison of the effects of hippocampal or prefrontal cortical lesions on three versions of delayed non-matching-to-sample based on positional or spatial cues

Cited by 67 publications

References 30 publications

The Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Involved in Spatial Memory Retrieval under Partial-Cue Conditions

The Medial Prefrontal Cortex Is Involved in Spatial Memory Retrieval under Partial-Cue Conditions

Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus subserve different components of working memory in rats

Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats Impairs Encoding of Novel But Not Familiar Stimuli in a Delayed Nonmatch-to-Sample Task

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