Adipose tissue as a buffer for daily lipid flux

Frayn, Keith N.

doi:10.1007/s00125-002-0873-y

Cited by 626 publications

(464 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The same study reported that, while obesity increases both splanchnic and leg NEFA release and uptake, obese men show a lower upper-body, non-splanchnic NEFA release than the lean control subjects, despite having large amounts of abdominal subcutaneous fat. This finding may indicate a potential buffering effect of subcutaneous adipose tissue on the high rate of visceral lipolysis in these obese male subjects [7,8]. Apart from NEFA metabolism, there remains considerable metabolic heterogeneity among people with similar amounts of visceral adipose tissue.…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Between-depot Issuesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Visceral fat accounts for approximately 20% of total body fat in men but only 6% in pre-menopausal women [11]. Lower-body fat is mainly represented by subcutaneous adipose tissue in the gluteal and femoral regions, which are metabolically less active than upper-body adipose tissue and may be protective against the development of metabolic disorders [8]. Sex-related differences in adipose tissue distribution become increasingly less prominent with age [1,2].…”

Section: Biological Differences Between Visceral and Subcutaneous Adimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the fasting state, where HSL is active and the intracellular lipolytic rate is high, the uptake of LPLderived NEFAs is low, whereas the opposite is true after a meal [1,2]. The visceral lipid store, with its high turnover, may constitute part of the body's buffering capacity during the postprandial lipid flux and protect the tissues from exposure to the diurnal fluctuation of lipids in the circulation [8].…”

Section: Biological Differences Between Visceral and Subcutaneous Adimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The former may represent the mechanism whereby inflammatory cytokines induce hepatic insulin resistance and chronic systemic inflammation, while the latter diminish adipose tissue storage of lipids, leading to ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscle [8,9].…”

Section: Biological Differences Between Visceral and Subcutaneous Adimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipose tissue distribution and risk of metabolic disease: does thiazolidinedione-induced adipose tissue redistribution provide a clue to the answer?

2007

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The relative effect of visceral and subcutaneous obesity on the risk of chronic metabolic disease has been a matter of long-term dispute. While ample data support either of the fat depots being causative or associative, valid argument for one depot often automatically belittles the other. Paradigms such as the visceral/portal hypothesis and the acquired lipodystrophy/ectopic fat storage and endocrine hypothesis have been proposed. Nevertheless, neither hypothesis alone explains the entire pathophysiological setting. Treatment of diabetes with thiazolidinediones selectively increases fat partitioning to the subcutaneous adipose depot but does not change visceral fat accumulation. This is in contrast to the preferential visceral fat mobilisation by diet and exercise. Surgical removal of visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue yields relatively long-lasting metabolic improvement only when combined with procedures that ameliorate adipose tissue cell composition. These studies illustrate that human adipose tissue in different anatomic locations does not work in isolation, and that there is a best-fit relationship in terms of volume and function among different fat depots that needs to be met to maintain the systemic energy balance and to prevent the complications related to obesity.

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Section: Adipose Tissue Between-depot Issuesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Biological Differences Between Visceral and Subcutaneous Adimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological Differences Between Visceral and Subcutaneous Adimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological Differences Between Visceral and Subcutaneous Adimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Adipose tissue distribution and risk of metabolic disease: does thiazolidinedione-induced adipose tissue redistribution provide a clue to the answer?

2007

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“…This intriguing relationship can be explained by the removal of waist circumference from the diagnostic criteria for MetS, which uncovered the novel relationship between subcutaneous abdominal fat and MetS. Frayn also hypothesised that this fat depot can potentially act as a protective mechanism against insulin resistance by functioning as a reservoir for initial lipid deposition, therefore delaying central adiposity [34]. However, the protective nature of subcutaneous fat against metabolic diseases needs further investigation in other African populations before Frayn’s theory can be confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in ageing black South African women

Gradidge

2017

Global Health Action

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Background: The incidence of obesity and related metabolic diseases is high and increasing in sub-Saharan African women. Evidence on the determinants of these diseases is limited, particularly in black South African women. Objective: This PhD review attempts to understand the determinants of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a population of ageing urban-dwelling black South African women. Methods: Drawing on the longitudinal Birth-to-Twenty-Plus cohort, data were collected in 2002/03 and 2012/13, including information on behavioural factors (smoking, sitting time, physical activity, smokeless tobacco, and alcohol consumption), body-size perception, body composition (measures of adiposity and lean mass), blood pressure, and cardiometabolic biomarkers (lipid profile, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, leptin, and adiponectin). Results: The prevalence of obesity and related cardiovascular disease risk was high and increased significantly over the 10 year period. Despite most of the study population being physically active, sitting time was high and associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertriglyceridaemia. Two groups of people were observed, those who were happy and those who were unhappy with their body size. In logistic regression analysis, the risk of MetS was lowered by abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and adiponectin, and increased by age, smoking, truncal lean mass, and insulin resistance. Conclusions: Obesity was confirmed to be increasing in black South African women, despite most women being sufficiently active according to guidelines of ≥150 min activity/week. Nevertheless, the contribution of sitting time to poor health outcomes is evident in this study population and must be addressed, particularly in women who are content with being obese. The novel finding of the effects of abdominal subcutaneous tissue and truncal lean mass with MetS requires further investigation. The protective effect of adiponectin against MetS is an important finding which highlights the novel interaction between adiposity and cardiometabolic diseases in black South African women.

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References

2005

Cardiovascular Disease

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Adipose tissue as a buffer for daily lipid flux

Cited by 626 publications

References 112 publications

Adipose tissue distribution and risk of metabolic disease: does thiazolidinedione-induced adipose tissue redistribution provide a clue to the answer?

Adipose tissue distribution and risk of metabolic disease: does thiazolidinedione-induced adipose tissue redistribution provide a clue to the answer?

Factors associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in ageing black South African women

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