An experimental murine model to study periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontal disease (PD) is a common dental disease associated with the interaction between dysbiotic oral microbiota and host immunity. It is a prevalent disease, resulting in loss of gingival tissue, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. PD is a major form of tooth loss in the adult population. Experimental animal models have enabled the study of PD pathogenesis and are used to test new therapeutic approaches for treating the disease. The ligature-induced periodontitis model has several advantages as compared with other models, including rapid disease induction, predictable bone loss and the capacity to study periodontal tissue and alveolar bone regeneration because the model is established within the periodontal apparatus. Although mice are the most convenient and versatile animal models used in research, ligature-induced periodontitis has been more frequently used in large animals. This is mostly due to the technical challenges involved in consistently placing ligatures around murine teeth. To reduce the technical challenge associated with the traditional ligature model, we previously developed a simplified method to easily install a bacterially retentive ligature between two molars for inducing periodontitis. In this protocol, we provide detailed instructions for placement of the ligature and demonstrate how the model can be used to evaluate gingival tissue inflammation and alveolar bone loss over a period of 18 d after ligature placement. This model can also be used on germ-free mice to investigate the role of human oral bacteria in periodontitis in vivo. In conclusion, this protocol enables the mechanistic study of the pathogenesis of periodontitis in vivo.

Role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and therapeutics

“…Inflammasome components are increased in experimental periodontitis. Periodontitis was induced in mice via the ligature model for 10 days, as described previously . Representative images of maxilla micro‐computed tomography showing (A) baseline (no ligature) and (B) alveolar bone loss that developed with disease induction.…”

“…Periodontitis was induced in mice via the ligature model for 10 days, as described previously. 173 identified mutation in MEFV, despite extensive searches for a second mutation. 87 Five (M694V, V726A, M680I, M694I and E148Q) out of 68 acknowledged MEFV mutations have been reported to be the most common.…”

A New Anabolic compound, LLP2A-Ale, Reserves Periodontal Bone Loss in Mice Through Augmentation of Bone Formation

“…Ligature-induced periodontitis is a well-established mouse model that recapitulates the pathogenesis of the human periodontal disease, including bacteria lm formation, host immune response stimulation, and alveolar bone loss. Ligand-induced periodontal bone loss was apparent from day ve [18][19][20]. We started treatment on day 8, representing an intervention protocol.…”

“…Alendronate was used in LLP2A-Ale to achieve bone-targeted effects [8,9], however, we have not observed anti-resorptive effects in other published studies [8][9][10][11]. Additionally, we initiated treatment with LLP2A-Ale with and without MSVs when the periodontal bone loss was established [18,19], and we chose to focus on evaluating the ability of LLP2A-Ale to augment new bone formation. Three weeks after the ligature was placed to induce PD, the surrounding alveolar bone had reduced the mineral apposition rate, corresponding to reduced osteoblast activity, and this may have contributed to the observed alveolar bone loss.…”

LncRNA‐01126 inhibits the migration of human periodontal ligament cells through MEK/ERK signaling pathway

“…The mouse model of periodontitis was established via ligation followed by the protocol 13 . For experimental induction of periodontitis, mice were firstly anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium.…”