Association of Serum Lipids with High Blood Pressure and Hypertensionamong Diabetic Patients. Mathematical Regression Models to PredictBlood Pressure from Lipids. An Experience from 12-year Follow Up ofmore than 9000 Patients' Cohort

Abstract

Dyslipidemia and hypertension alone predispose to the risk of coronary artery disease, especially if the patient is diabetic. This risk is increased and multiplied when both dyslipidemia and hypertension coexists. There is a lack of studies and significant data for the correlation or association of blood pressure with serum lipids. The studies conducted in the past showed the conflicting results with poor associations. Furthermore, these studies were not conducted on diabetic subjects and lack regression models or mathematical linear equations. Hence, we conducted a prospective, observational cohort study on 9340 diabetic subjects for the duration of 12 year (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017), with the aim to find significant associations, correlations between serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C and Non-HDL-C) and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic). Our data has demonstrated that total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C were significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic BP, and raised among hypertensive patients as compared to non-hypertensive ( p<0.001 for all lipids). The highest correlations were found between Non-HDL-C with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (r=0.414 and r=0.415, respectively with p<0.001). However, HDL-C was inversely correlated with systolic and diastolic BP and was raised among non-hypertensive patients. Regression models and mathematical linear equations were developed to estimate increasing blood pressure by the given serum lipid levels. All regression models were significant (p<0.0001). We concluded and developed regression models, for the first time in medical research that high lipid levels contribute to the development of increase systolic and diastolic blood pressures. With triglycerides, total-cholesterol, and HDL-C, Non-DHL-C levels should also be calculated in diabetology clinics and general practice. Screening should be done for diabetic patients to detect high blood pressure (or HTN) and elevated serum lipids, and early initiation of management to prevent diabetes complications.

Factors associated with hypertriglyceridemia among the hill tribe people aged 30 years and over, Thailand: a cross-sectional study

“…The finding in females was supported by a longitudinal study in China [38], which found that triglycerides had a negative correlation with HDL-C and a marginal correlation with HbA1C. In our study, triglycerides were negatively correlated with DBP among males, which differed from a 12-year prospective cohort study among patients with diabetes conducted in Saudi Arabia [39] that found a positive correlation between triglycerides and blood pressure, although this difference may be due to the differences in the participants between the two studies. A study in Korea among people living in urban areas [40] found that triglycerides were correlated with HDL-C, which was similar to the findings in the current study.…”

Risk Factors for Developing Diabetic Foot Ulcer with Nephropathy, Diabetic Kidney Disease and Renal Failure Statistical Analysis of 10,680 Patients’ Cohort

“…Finally, it can be concluded that diabetic patients should be assessed and screened at early stages in tertiary care diabetes centers for the detection of HTN, nephropathy, neuropathy or diabetic foot screening, dyslipidemia, and retinopathy as well to prevent complications and reduce health cost. Diabetes guidelines should be used to manage diabetes and its complications, including diabetic foot ulcers [76-98].…”

Gender Differences on the Effect of Non-HDL-C on Blood Pressure, Blood Flow Velocities and Arterial Wall Thickness; An Observational Analysis in Madurai Population

“…The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommends that clinicians aim to Section: Physiology reduce levels of non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol as a secondary lipid-lowering target. [14] However there seem to be gender differences in lipid fractions and blood flow velocities, Women seem to have higher diastolic velocity components and lower systolic velocity components compared to men. [16] Madurai women have been show to develop dyslipidemias at an early age compared to men in the same region.…”