Attachment Theory and Religion: Childhood Attachments, Religious Beliefs, and Conversion

Kirkpatrick, Lee A.; Shaver, Phillip R.

doi:10.2307/1386461

Cited by 412 publications

(366 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Using Bowlby's attachment theory [11], in which individuals are not passive but active in constructing and maintaining close relationships, Kirkpatrick and Shaver [18,19] indicated that God may serve as a "perfect" substitute attachment figure for people with histories of avoidant attachment. Child abuse may be a potential reason for such avoidance.…”

Section: Child Abuse and Related Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Child Maltreatment Mediate Family Environment and Psychological Well-Being?

Galea¹

2010

PSYCH

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Section: Child Abuse and Related Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Child Maltreatment Mediate Family Environment and Psychological Well-Being?

Galea¹

2010

PSYCH

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“…Following all the attempts made to classify various styles of parental mediation within adolescents' Internet use, active mediation and restrictive mediation are considered as two broad dimensions of parental mediation discussed by some scholars (e.g., Kirkpatrick and Shaver 1990;Shin et al 2012). Active mediation occurs once parents' explain and discuss media effects with their children.…”

Section: Parental Mediation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Parental Mediation Model on Youth’s Problematic Online Gaming

Benrazavi

Teimouri

Griffiths

2015

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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The Parental Mediation Model (PMM) was initially designed to regulate children's attitudes towards the traditional media. In the present era, because of prevalent online media there is a need for similar regulative measures. Spending long hours on social media and playing online games increase the risks of exposure to the negative outcomes of online gaming. This paper initially applied the PMM developed by European Kids Online to (i) test the reliability and validity of this model and (ii) identify the effectiveness of this model in controlling problematic online gaming (POG). The data were collected from 592 participants comprising 296 parents and 296 students of four foreign universities, aged 16 to 22 years in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The study found that the modified model of the five-factor PMM (Technical mediation, Monitoring mediation, Restrictive mediation, Active Mediation of Internet Safety, and Active mediation of Internet Use) functions as a predictor for mitigating POG. The findings suggest the existence of a positive relation between 'monitoring' and 'restrictive' mediation strategies and exposure to POG while Active Mediation of Internet Safety and Active mediation of Internet use were insignificant predictors. Results showed a higher utility of 'technical' strategies by the parents led to less POG. The findings of this study do not support the literature suggesting active mediation is more effective for reducing youth's risky behaviour. Instead, parents need Int J Ment Health Addiction

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“…Counted, 2016bCounted, , 2016cDavis, 2010;Granqvist & Kirkpatrick, 2016;Kirkpatrick, 1994Kirkpatrick, , 1998Kirkpatrick, , 2005Kirkpatrick & Shaver, 1990). Attachment and authenticity may be the two greatest psychosocial and/or spiritual needs in terms of experiencing and integrating meaning in life through developing a sense of connectedness with self, others, or through connection to a power greater than one's self -whether it be to a primary caregiver or a divine entity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rizzuto reasons that God representations enable the believer to perceive the divine as a secure base for exploring the world of danger and a safe haven to turn to in times of danger. This post-Freudian idea of relational spirituality was further amplified in the study of Kirkpatrick and Shaver (1990) who reasoned that religion is a belief in a divine entity who is represented as a substitute attachment figure playing a unique role as a surrogate caregiver in place of a parent. Granqvist and Kirkpatrick (2016) further strengthened this claim in their recent review, arguing that religious behaviour can be understood as an attachment process, on the basis that the bond of affection that exists between a believer and the divine meets the criteria of an attachment bond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between God and self: exploring the attachment to God and authenticity/inauthenticity tendencies of South African Christian youths

Counted

Moustafa

2017

Mental Health, Religion & Culture

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The paper explores the relationship between attachment to God (AG) and authenticity/inauthenticity among Christian youths in relation to a range of socio-demographic variables. Cross-sectional data were collected from 100 South African Christian youths using measures of AG and authenticity/inauthenticity. The correlation results reveal that feelings of insecurity in terms of having anxiety in a relationship with God is positively related to self-alienation (feeling out of touch with oneself) and accepting external influences (conforming to the standards and expectations of others), but negatively correlated to authentic living (being in tune with one's self). Feelings of insecurity in terms of avoidant God-attachment was also related to self-alienation. In addition, demographic differences were observed for gender and church denomination. These results suggest that insecurity with God may either be linked to feelings of authenticity or self-estrangement among Christian youths and have broad implications, both for clinical usage and further cross-cultural research.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Attachment Theory and Religion: Childhood Attachments, Religious Beliefs, and Conversion

Cited by 412 publications

References 21 publications

Does Child Maltreatment Mediate Family Environment and Psychological Well-Being?

Does Child Maltreatment Mediate Family Environment and Psychological Well-Being?

Utility of Parental Mediation Model on Youth’s Problematic Online Gaming

Between God and self: exploring the attachment to God and authenticity/inauthenticity tendencies of South African Christian youths

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