C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Protein 11 (CTRP11), a Novel Adipose Stroma-derived Regulator of Adipogenesis

Abstract

Background: CTRP11 is a novel member of the C1q family with poorly defined function. Results: CTRP11 inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting mitotic clonal expansion and adipogenic gene expression. Conclusion: Adipose stroma-derived CTRP11 is a regulator of adipogenesis. Significance: CTRP11 mediates potential paracrine cross-talk between adipocytes and cells of the stromal vascular compartment.

Seasonal oscillation of liver-derived hibernation protein complex in the central nervous system of non-hibernating mammals

“…Cow HPs are part of the C1q protein family (Kishore et al, 2004) and consist of over 30 members, all of which possess the signature C1q domain at the C-terminus. Several conserved members of this family, such as adiponectin and C1q/TNF-related proteins are involved in modulating food intake (Byerly et al, 2014;Byerly et al, 2013a;Kubota et al, 2007;Qi et al, 2004) and energy metabolism (Berg et al, 2001;Peterson et al, 2012;Peterson et al, 2013;Peterson et al, 2010;Seldin et al, 2012;Wei et al, 2014;Wei et al, 2012b;Wei et al, 2011;Wei et al, 2013;Wong et al, 2009;Wong et al, 2008;Yamauchi et al, 2002). Thus, in mice, the functional homolog of cow HPs may be subsumed by other related C1q family members.…”

“…6B). All C1q family members characterized to date form trimers as their basic structural unit (Kishore et al, 2004;Seldin et al, 2012;Tsao et al, 2003;Wei et al, 2012a;Wei et al, 2011;Wei et al, 2013;Wong et al, 2008). Some trimers are further assembled into intermolecular disulfidelinked hexamers and octadecamers (Briggs et al, 2009;Suzuki et al, 2007;Tsao et al, 2003).…”

Adipose tissue-derived cytokines, CTRPs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in metabolism and the cardiovascular system

“…Their plasma levels vary with the genetic background, age, gender, and metabolic states. In terms of CTRPs sexually dimorphic patterns, female mice express higher levels of CTRP13, CTRP11, CTRP9, CTRP5, and CTRP3 compared to male animals/humans [1][2][3][4][5] . The exact mechanism for these differences is still unclear.…”

“…Novel metabolic/immune regulator; modulating both inflammation and insulin sensitivity; regulates fat development; alleviates AngII-induced hypertension and vascular endothelial dysfunction; potential therapeutic target for the prevention of skin fibrosis; endogenous complement regulator [5,29,68,69] 7 Adipose tissue, lung Improves insulin sensitivity; beneficial metabolic outcomes in the setting of obesity and diabetes [9,54] 8 (8B) Lung, testis, absent in mice Blocks glioblastoma dissemination within the brain [14,70] 9 (9A,9B) Cardiac tissue, adipose tissue Important in the development of type 2 diabetes; novel metabolic regulator and a new component of the metabolic network that links adipose tissue to lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver; prevents vascular restenosis after angioplasty, hepatic steatosis and hypertension; stabilizes plaque, improves endothelial cell survival and function [12,20,48,[71][72][73] 10 Eye, adipose tissue Regulates metabolism, adipose tissue homeostasis [3,23] 11 Adipose tissue New regulator of adipogenesis; maintains adipose tissue homeostasis [3,74] 12 Adipose tissue Novel biomarkers for the prediction and early diagnosis of T2DM; regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and whole-body glucose homeostasis [24,50,51,75,76] 13 Adipose tissue, brain Associated with increased risk of T2DM and coronary artery disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; negative association with metabolism; modulates whole-body energy balance [2,24,27,77,78] 14 Brain, adipose tissue Promotes tissue regeneration, and recovery of ischemic heart disease; maintains adipose tissue homeostasis by generating complexes with CTRP11 [74] 15 Skeletal muscle Modulates energy homeostasis and metabolic circuit; modulates inter-tissue crosstalk [21,79] ISR: in-stent restenosis; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; DES: d...…”

Rohitukine inhibits in vitro adipogenesis arresting mitotic clonal expansion and improves dyslipidemia in vivo

“…Rohitukine abrogates phosphorylation of the substrate of the AKT/mTOR pathway, 4EBP at Thr37/46, which is necessary for protein synthesis during adipogenesis. extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling has also been reported to be responsible for early adipogenic programming and has been the cause of inhibition of adipogenesis by C1q/ tumor necrosis factor-related protein 11 (CTRP11), suphoraphane-mediated adipogenic inhibition ( 40,41 ). In our experiments, we could not see any rohitukine-mediated alteration in this pathway.…”