Objective
The aim of this study was to test whether gender moderates intervention effects in the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) intervention, a 12-month, randomized controlled trial of a collaborative care (CC) intervention for anxiety disorders (panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and social anxiety disorder) in 17 primary care clinics in California, Washington, and Arkansas.
Methods
Participants (n = 1004) completed measures of symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory; BSI) and functioning (Mental and Physical Health Components of the Short Form-12; (MCS and PCS), and Healthy Days, Restricted Activity Days Scale) at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Data on dose, engagement, and beliefs about psychotherapy were collected for patients in the CC group.
Results
Gender moderated the relationship between treatment and its outcome on the BSI, MCS and Healthy Days but not on the PCS. Women who received CC showed clinical improvements on the BSI, MHC, and Healthy Days that were significantly different from women in Usual Care. There were no differences for men in CC compared to Usual Care on any measures. In the intervention group, women attended more sessions of psychotherapy, completed more modules of therapy, expressed more commitment and viewed psychotherapy as more helpful than men.
Conclusions
These findings contribute to the broader literature on treatment heterogeneity, in particular the influence of gender, and may inform personalized care for persons seeking anxiety treatment in primary care settings.