Cytotoxic Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons on Escherichia coli

Abstract

The biological and environmental toxicity of graphene and graphene derivatives have attracted great research interest due to their increasing applications. However, the cytotoxic mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of graphene oxide nanoribbons (GORs) on Escherichia coli (E. coli) in an in vitro method. The fabricated GORs formed long ribbons, 200 nm wide. Based on the results of the MTT assay and plate-culture experiments, GORs significantly inhibited the growth and reproduction of E. coli in a concentration-dependent manner. We found that GORs stimulated E. coli to secrete reactive oxygen species, which then oxidized and damaged the bacterial cell membrane. Moreover, interaction between GORs and E. coli cytomembrane resulted in polysaccharide adsorption by GORs and the release of lactic dehydrogenase. Furthermore, GORs effectively depleted the metal ions as nutrients in the culture medium by adsorption. Notably, mechanical cutting by GORs was not obvious, which is quite different from the case of graphene oxide sheets to E. coli.

Resolution of MoS2 Nanosheets‐Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Driven by Nanoscale Intracellular Transformation and Extracellular‐Vesicle Shuttles

“…Considering that such intracellular fate of MoS 2 in alveolar macrophages was associated with a rapid and concomitant resolution of the initial acute inflammation, intracellular ROS could indeed be used by cells as a detoxification mechanism to pronounce scrolling, etching, and oxidation and to significantly reduce the active surface area, dimensions, and edge sites, where the presence of dangling bonds can be highly active sites. [58][59][60] This hypothesis is reinforced by our data showing the nanoscroll formation from the edges and low surface oxidation.…”

Resolution of MoS2 nanosheets-induced pulmonary inflammation driven by nanoscale intracellular transformation and extracellular-vesicle shuttles

“…Considering that such intracellular fate of MoS2 in alveolar macrophages was associated with a rapid and concomitant resolution of the initial acute inflammation, intracellular ROS could indeed be used by cells as a detoxification mechanism to pronounce scrolling, etching, and oxidation and to significantly reduce the active surface area, dimensions, and edge sites, where the presence of dangling bonds can be highly active sites. [58][59][60] This hypothesis is reinforced by our data showing the nanoscroll formation from the edges and low surface oxidation.…”

The antimicrobial efficacy of nanographene oxide and double antibiotic paste per se and in combination: part II

“…Another interesting finding of the present study was the concentration-dependent antimicrobial manner of GO-DAP and DAP against the pathogens; that is, the concentration of antimicrobial agent was directly related to the killing percent. There are other reports in the literature about the concentration-dependent manner of GO [ 60 , 65 , 66 ].…”