Describing scenes hardly seen

Dobel, Christian; Gumnior, Heidi; Bölte, Jens; Zwitserlood, Pienie

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.07.004

Cited by 61 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This suggests that, very rapidly after picture onset, speakers are able to generate a rudimentary structural plan and this plan can then guide subsequent conceptual and linguistic encoding operations. Supporting the conclusion of fast message-level encoding, a number of recent studies have demonstrated that very brief presentations (40-300 ms) of event pictures are in fact sufficient for speakers to identify event categories, as well as the role and identity of characters in the event (Dobel et al 2007;Hafri et al 2013). Identification of such information is presumably sufficient to allow for the generation of a conceptual and linguistic structural frame, which can direct the eye to efficiently sample information from the scene as the structure calls for it.…”

Section: Tzeltalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vision and Language in Cross-Linguistic Research on Sentence Production

Norcliffe

2015

Attention and Vision in Language Processing

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Section: Tzeltalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vision and Language in Cross-Linguistic Research on Sentence Production

Norcliffe

2015

Attention and Vision in Language Processing

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“…Hafri et al (2012) recently showed that speakers can extract basic information about event structure in less than 100 ms from perceptual features of individual characters that are typically associated with ''agenthood'' (also see Bock et al, 2003;Dobel et al, 2007;Potter, 1976). Given the speed with which speakers can link visual information to event categories, the two experiments in this paper suggest that processing occurring within the first 400 ms of picture onset must be a multi-faceted process.…”

Section: Generalization To Other Types Of Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Replicating Kuchinsky and Bock (2010), speakers should begin their sentences with first-fixated characters or easy-to-name characters less often in higher-codability than lower-codability events. Early eye movements should also show sensitivity to higher-level event properties (see Bock et al, 2003;Dobel, Gumnior, Bolte, & Zwitserlood, 2007;Hafri, Papafragou, & Trueswell, 2012, for demonstrations of rapid encoding of event gist). Speakers should be less likely to prioritize encoding of one character over the other character in the first 400 ms of picture inspection in higher-codability events than in lower-codability events; instead, they should direct their gaze preferentially to the subject character later in higher-codability events, resulting in slower divergence of fixations to the two characters in higher-than lower-codability events immediately after picture onset.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming sentence planning

Konopka

Meyer

2014

Cognitive Psychology

136

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a b s t r a c tSentence production requires mapping preverbal messages onto linguistic structures. Because sentences are normally built incrementally, the information encoded in a sentence-initial increment is critical for explaining how the mapping process starts and for predicting its timecourse. Two experiments tested whether and when speakers prioritize encoding of different types of information at the outset of formulation by comparing production of descriptions of transitive events (e.g., A dog is chasing the mailman) that differed on two dimensions: the ease of naming individual characters and the ease of apprehending the event gist (i.e., encoding the relational structure of the event). To additionally manipulate ease of encoding, speakers described the target events after receiving lexical primes (facilitating naming; Experiment 1) or structural primes (facilitating generation of a linguistic structure; Experiment 2). Both properties of the pictured events and both types of primes influenced the form of target descriptions and the timecourse of formulation: character-specific variables increased the probability of speakers encoding one character with priority at the outset of formulation, while the ease of encoding event gist and of generating a syntactic structure increased the likelihood of early encoding of information about both characters. The results show that formulation is flexible and highlight some of the conditions under which speakers might employ different planning strategies.

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“…People can decide whether a scene contains an object of a particular type, such as an animal (Thorpe, Fize, & Marlot, 1996) or a vehicle, or make global semantic categorizations, such as Ba park,^Bin a restaurant,^also known as the scene's gist, within an eye blink (Biederman, Mezzanotte, & Rabinowitz, 1982;Potter, 1976;Schyns & Oliva, 1994). Similarly, the coherence or meaningfulness of an action scene can be apprehended without overt attention shifts at very brief presentation durations (Dobel, Gumnior, Bölte, & Zwitserlood, 2007). As with object categories and scene gist, the mechanisms that allow coherence apprehension are not well known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid apprehension of the coherence of action scenes

et al. 2016

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Some information about complex naturalistic scenes, such as the scene's gist (a beach, a restaurant) or the category of an object depicted in a scene, can be extracted within a fraction of a second. The present study focused on the rapid apprehension of scene coherence in action scenes involving two actors. Coherence was manipulated by either varying global (body posture) or local (object details) actionscene properties. Scenes were presented for 20, 30, 50, or 100 ms, and subsequently masked. Viewers were able to determine scene coherence with only 30 ms presentation duration for global scene layout, but not even 100 ms sufficed for local object-action consistency. A second experiment ruled out that the difficulties in detecting local object-action consistency resulted from a strategic adaption by the participants. Overall, the results suggest that, as with scene gist, rapid extraction of coherence information from action scenes relies more on a scene's overall Gestalt than on detailed visual or even semantic representations.

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Describing scenes hardly seen

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

Vision and Language in Cross-Linguistic Research on Sentence Production

Vision and Language in Cross-Linguistic Research on Sentence Production

Priming sentence planning

Rapid apprehension of the coherence of action scenes

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