Diagnosis by default

Khamsi, Roxanne

doi:10.1038/nm0312-338

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The DMN shows greater activity during autobiographical memory and theory of mind processes, and is less metabolically active when attention is engaged exogenously (Buckner et al, 2008). However, the extent to which different regions in the DMN co-activate at rest has also been associated with individual differences in cognitive performance, progression from MCI to Alzheimer’s Disease, and other psychiatric disorders (Andrews-Hanna et al, 2007; Khamsi, 2012; Voss et al, 2010a). We have previously reported that one year of moderate intensity aerobic exercise (walking) increases task-independent functional coactivation of the hippocampus with the middle temporal gyrus and the lateral parieto-occipital cortex, as well as the middle temporal gyrus with the left middle frontal gyrus (Voss et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological markers of exercise-related brain plasticity in older adults

Voss

Erickson

Prakash

et al. 2013

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

333

270

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The current study examined how a randomized one-year aerobic exercise program for healthy older adults would affect serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - putative markers of exercise-induced benefits on brain function. The study also examined whether (a) change in the concentration of these growth factors was associated with alterations in functional connectivity following exercise, and (b) the extent to which pre-intervention growth factor levels were associated with training-related changes in functional connectivity. In 65 participants (mean age = 66.4), we found that although there were no group-level changes in growth factors as a function of the intervention, increased temporal lobe connectivity between the bilateral parahippocampus and the bilateral middle temporal gyrus was associated with increased BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF for an aerobic walking group but not for a non-aerobic control group, and greater pre-intervention VEGF was associated with greater training-related increases in this functional connection. Results are consistent with animal models of exercise and the brain, but are the first to show in humans that exercise-induced increases in temporal lobe functional connectivity are associated with changes in growth factors and may be augmented by greater baseline VEGF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological markers of exercise-related brain plasticity in older adults

Voss

Erickson

Prakash

et al. 2013

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

333

270

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Over the last two decades, much neurophysiological evidence for structural and functional deficits in the brain in schizophrenia has been developed into a disconnectivity hypothesis ( Frith, 1995 ). More direct evidence for the neurophysiological disconnectivity hypothesis comes mainly from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies, particularly resting-state fMRI studies ( Khamsi, 2012 ; Smith, 2012 ), which have shown widespread functional disconnectivity in distributed brain networks in schizophrenia. However, these studies have so far not revealed a consistent pattern ( Bluhm et al, 2007 ; Meyer-Lindenberg et al, 2005 ; Whitfield-Gabrieli et al, 2009 ; Zhou et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered functional connectivity links in neuroleptic-naïve and neuroleptic-treated patients with schizophrenia, and their relation to symptoms including volition

Rolls

Guo

et al. 2014

NeuroImage: Clinical

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In order to analyze functional connectivity in untreated and treated patients with schizophrenia, resting-state fMRI data were obtained for whole-brain functional connectivity analysis from 22 first-episode neuroleptic-naïve schizophrenia (NNS), 61 first-episode neuroleptic-treated schizophrenia (NTS) patients, and 60 healthy controls (HC). Reductions were found in untreated and treated patients in the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus, and this was correlated with the reduction in volition from the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), that is in the willful initiation, sustenance, and control of thoughts, behavior, movements, and speech, and with the general and negative symptoms. In addition in both patient groups interhemispheric functional connectivity was weaker between the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala and temporal pole. These functional connectivity changes and the related symptoms were not treated by the neuroleptics. Differences between the patient groups were that there were more strong functional connectivity links in the NNS patients (including in hippocampal, frontal, and striatal circuits) than in the NTS patients. These findings with a whole brain analysis in untreated and treated patients with schizophrenia provide evidence on some of the brain regions implicated in the volitional, other general, and negative symptoms, of schizophrenia that are not treated by neuroleptics so have implications for the development of other treatments; and provide evidence on some brain systems in which neuroleptics do alter the functional connectivity.

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“…Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting state connectivity allows the examination of neuronal networks based on intrinsic blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) fluctuations that exhibit a high degree of synchrony between structurally and functionally related brain regions (Fox & Raichle, ; Honey et al., ). Whereas this technique has shown considerable utility describing network differences between patients with neuropsychiatric or neurologic diseases and healthy participants (Zhang & Raichle, ; Khamsi, ), determining whether these changes in connectivity reflect the specific cognitive deficits in these disorders or can predict changes in brain function following intervention remain open questions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Default mode network connectivity indicates episodic memory capacity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYPurpose: The clinical relevance of resting state functional connectivity in neurologic disorders, including mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), remains unclear. This study investigated how connectivity in the default mode network changes with unilateral damage to one of its nodes, the hippocampus (HC), and how such connectivity can be exploited clinically to characterize memory deficits and indicate postsurgical memory change. Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting state scans and neuropsychological memory assessments (Warrington Recognition Tests for Words and Faces) were performed on 19 healthy controls, 20 patients with right mTLE, and 18 patients with left mTLE. In addition, postsurgical fMRI resting state and memory change (postsurgical memory performance-presurgical memory performance) data were available for half of these patients. Key Findings: Patients with mTLE showed reduced connectivity from the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to the epileptogenic HC and increased PCC connectivity to the contralateral HC. Stronger PCC connectivity to the epileptogenic HC was associated with better presurgical memory and with greater postsurgical memory decline. Stronger PCC connectivity to the contralateral HC was associated with less postsurgical memory decline. Following surgery, PCC connectivity to the remaining HC increased from presurgical values and showed enhanced correlation with postsurgical memory function. It is notable that this index was superior to others (hippocampal volume, preoperative memory scores) in explaining variance in memory change following surgery. Significance: Our results demonstrate the striking clinical significance of the brain's intrinsic connectivity in evaluating cognitive capacity and indicating the potential of postsurgical cognitive morbidity in patients with mTLE.

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Diagnosis by default

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Neurobiological markers of exercise-related brain plasticity in older adults

Neurobiological markers of exercise-related brain plasticity in older adults

Altered functional connectivity links in neuroleptic-naïve and neuroleptic-treated patients with schizophrenia, and their relation to symptoms including volition

Default mode network connectivity indicates episodic memory capacity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

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