Dietary quality in a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ireland; a cross-sectional case control study

Abstract

BackgroundA number of dietary quality indices (DQIs) have been developed to assess the quality of dietary intake. Analysis of the intake of individual nutrients does not reflect the complexity of dietary behaviours and their association with health and disease. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary quality of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a variety of validated DQIs.MethodsIn this cross-sectional analysis of 111 Caucasian adults, 65 cases with T2DM were recruited from the Diabetes Day Care Services of St. Columcille’s and St. Vincent’s Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland. Forty-six controls did not have T2DM and were recruited from the general population. Data from 3-day estimated diet diaries were used to calculate 4 DQIs.ResultsParticipants with T2DM had a significantly lower score for consumption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern compared to the control group, measured using the Mediterranean Diet Score (Range 0–9) and the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (Range 0–9) (mean ± SD) (3.4 ± 1.3 vs 4.8 ± 1.8, P < 0.001 and 3.3 ± 1.5 vs 4.2 ± 1.8, P = 0.02 respectively). Participants with T2DM also had lower dietary quality than the control population as assessed by the Healthy Diet Indicator (Range 0–9) (T2DM; 2.6 ± 2.3, control; 3.3 ± 1.1, P = 0.001). No differences between the two groups were found when dietary quality was assessed using the Alternate Healthy Eating Index. Micronutrient intake was assessed using the Micronutrient Adequacy Score (Range 0–8) and participants with T2DM had a significantly lower score than the control group (T2DM; 1.6 ± 1.4, control; 2.3 ± 1.4, P = 0.009). When individual nutrient intakes were assessed, no significant differences were observed in macronutrient intake.ConclusionOverall, these findings demonstrate that T2DM was associated with a lower score when dietary quality was assessed using a number of validated indices.

Salt Restriction in Diabetes

“…In this study, saturated fat intake was higher and intake of fibre, fruit and vegetables lower than recommendations for type 2 diabetes. These findings are in contrast to those from Murray et al [37], in which people with type 2 diabetes had a lower dietary quality than controls. Estimated sodium intake in cases was not different to controls at approximately 160 mmol/day, but the groups were not matched as cases with type 2 diabetes had a higher BMI than controls.…”

Consumo alimentar de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de Ribeirão Preto

“…De acordo com a ADA, pelo menos 26% da população idosa têm DM e esse número deve crescer rapidamente nas próximas décadas 2 . Outro fator que explica esta predominância de idosos nos estudos epidemiológicos brasileiros atuais é o processo de envelhecimento populacional, que é caracterizado pelo rápido crescimento no número de idosos, devido à redução nas taxas de mortalidade, fecundidade e natalidade [10][11][12] . O número de mulheres participantes foi aproximadamente duas vezes maior que ao número de homens, também observado em outros estudos brasileiros realizados em Unidades Básica de Saúde com pacientes com DM2 6,14 .…”

Relationship between dietary pattern and cognitive function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Patients with T2DM have been found to consume higher quantities of fruit, vegetables and meat than healthy control subjects, 15 but the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function in patients with T2DM remains largely unexplored. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse these associations using data from elderly Japanese patients with T2DM.…”