Effect of Gel Fibre on Gastric Emptying and Absorption of Glucose and Paracetamol

Holt, S; Carter, DavidC.; Tothill, P.; Heading, R. C.; Prescott, L. F.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91079-1

Cited by 368 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These differences in the glycaemic responses seem to be comparable to the different glycaemic responses of fibre-depleted and fibre-containing meals [11,18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The effect of drinking during meals on the glycaemic response in diabetic patients is, however, virtually unknown. The rate of gastric emptying affects the absorption rate of meal components and is related to the postprandial blood glucose level after meals [5,11,12]. Solid foods of meat, labelled by radioactive isotopes to measure gastric emptying, have been shown to empty separately from, and more slowly than labelled liquids [13,14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Mean blood glucose and serum insulin levels before and following ingestion of meals with potatoes and meat, without (11) or with 300ml of tap water ([3), in seven healthy subjects. I=SEM.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect on the postprandial glycaemic level of the addition of water to a meal ingested by healthy subjects and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients

Torsdottir

Andersson

1989

Diabetologia

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Summary. The effects on postprandial glycaemic reactions of adding a glass of water to a meal were studied in 7 healthy male subjects and 20 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients for a period of up to 3 h. The subjects were served a meal of potatoes and meat, with or without 300 ml of water, in random order on two mornings after a 12-h fast. The diabetic patients were considered as well-controlled or not well-controlled according to HbAlc and blood glucose fasting values. Water addition increased the peak blood glucose (p < 0.02) and serum insulin (p < 0.02) levels in healthy subjects, and the blood glucose concentration in well-controlled diabetic patients (p < 0.02). The addition of water also increased the overall blood glucose response, calculated as the positive incremental area, in healthy subjects by 68 + 25% (p < 0.02) and in well-controlled diabetic patients by 40 + 14% (p < 0.01). In poorly-controlled diabetic patients, however, the addition of water did not display significant effects, probably due to the varying fasting glycaemia in these patients. Thus, altering the physical property of a meal by dilution with water can affect the physiological responses; the results are considered to be relevant for the on-going discussion concerning the use of physiological responses to foods as a basis for diet instructions to diabetic patients.Key words: Type2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, postprandial glycaemia, water ingestion, glycaemic index.Physiological responses to carbohydrate foods have been suggested as a basis for instructions to diabetic patients [1, 2] preferable to the traditional exchange system built on quantity and molecular weight of the carbohydrate content [3]. This is a conclusion from studies which have shown varying postprandial blood glucose responses after the ingestion of comparable and isocaloric food items. The blood glucose rise following the consumption of potatoes is higher than after the consumption of most other starchy foods [1,4,5]. Moreover, the plasma glucose response in healthy subjects is 40-60% lower when a monosaccharide or starch is served as a solid meal, than when the same carbohydrate is given as a liquid [6]. The physical property of starchy foods has also been shown to affect blood glucose and hormonal levels following meals [7,8].The identification of meal characteristics that attenuate the glycaemic response is far from complete. In many countries, it is common to drink during a meal, but knowledge of the effects of adding liquids to meals on the postprandial response is limited. It has been reported in abstracts that adding water to meals can increase the glycaemic response in healthy subjects [9,10]. The effect of drinking during meals on the glycaemic response in diabetic patients is, however, virtually unknown. The rate of gastric emptying affects the absorption rate of meal components and is related to the postprandial blood glucose level after meals [5,11,12]. Solid foods of meat, labelled by radioactive isotopes to measure gastric emptying, h...

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“…These differences in the glycaemic responses seem to be comparable to the different glycaemic responses of fibre-depleted and fibre-containing meals [11,18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect on the postprandial glycaemic level of the addition of water to a meal ingested by healthy subjects and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients

Torsdottir

Andersson

1989

Diabetologia

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“…Several authors (Holt et al, 1979;Sandhu et al, 1987) have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of dietary fibre on gastric emptying, but others could not prove it (Lawaetz et al, 1983;Lembcke et al, 1984). Hopman et al (1988) showed that glucomannan affects absorption within the intestine in a study carried out in patients with previous gastric surgery, and this is in agreement with the results obtained in several animal studies (Elsenhans et al, 1980(Elsenhans et al, ,1981(Elsenhans et al, ,1984Johnson & Gee, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic effects of psyllium in type 2 diabetic patients

et al. 2002

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of psyllium in type 2 diabetic patients. Design: The study included three phases: phase 1 (1 week), phase 2 (treatment, 14 g fibre=day, 6 weeks) and phase 3 (4 weeks). At the end of each phase a clinical evaluation was performed after the ingestion of a test breakfast of 1824.2 kJ (436 kcal). Measurements included concentrations of blood glucose, insulin, fructosamine, GHbA 1c , C-peptide and 24 h urinary glucose excretion. In addition, uric acid, cholesterol and several mineral and vitamin concentrations were also evaluated. Setting: The study was performed at the Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Nursing at the University of Leó n (Spain). Subjects: Twenty type 2 diabetic patients (12 men and 8 women) participated in the study with a mean age of 67.4 y for men and 66 y for women. The mean body mass index of men was 28.2 kg=m 2 and that of women 25.9 kg=m 2 . Results: Glucose absorption decreased significantly in the presence of psyllium (12.2%); this reduction is not associated with an important change in insulin levels (5%). GHbA 1c , C-peptide and 24 h urinary glucose excretion decreased (3.8, 14.9 and 22.5%, respectively) during the treatment with fibre (no significant differences) as well as fructosamine (10.9%, significant differences). Psyllium also reduced total and LDL cholesterol (7.7 and 9.2%, respectively, significant differences), and uric acid (10%, significant difference). Minerals and vitamins did not show important changes, except sodium that increased significantly after psyllium administration. Conclusions:The results obtained indicate a beneficial therapeutic effect of psyllium (Plantaben 1 ) in the metabolic control of type 2 diabetics as well as in lowering the risk of coronary heart disease. We also conclude that consumption of this fibre does not adversely affect either mineral or vitamin A and E concentrations. Finally, for a greater effectiveness, psyllium treatment should be individually evaluated.

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“…This effect could be related to a decrease in hunger feelings due to a delay in nutrient absorption. Previous studies suggest that addition of dietary ®bre to a test meal could lower glucose and insulin responses (Enzi et al, 1980;Gustafsson et al, 1994;Jenkins et al, 1994;Holt et al, 1979). Soluble dietary ®bres appear more ef®cient than insoluble ones (Rigaud & Royer, 1988;Jarjis et al, 1984;Jenkins et al, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of psyllium on gastric emptying, hunger feeling and food intake in normal volunteers: a double blind study

Rigaud

Paycha

Meulemans³

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

106

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Objective: To assess whether psyllium, a soluble dietary ®bre, could, at an acceptable dose (7.4 g), delay gastric emptying of a low-calorie meal, and reduce hunger feeling and energy intake, without requiring intimate mixing with the meal. Design: A double blind randomized cross over study with 14 normal volunteers, to evaluate the effect of this dose of psyllium on postprandial serum glucose, triglycerides and insulin levels, and on gastric fullness, hunger feeling and food intake. Methods: Gastric emptying was measured using a standard double-radiolabeled 450 kcal meal and feelings by visual analogic scales. The postprandial serum glucose, triglycerides and insulin levels were also determined. Results: No delay in the gastric emptying of the solid and liquid phases of the meal was observed with psyllium. After the meal, hunger feelings and energy intake were signi®cantly lower during the psyllium session than during the placebo session (13% and 17% lower respectively; P`0.05). Postprandial increase in serum glucose, triglycerides and insulin levels was less with psyllium than with placebo (P`0.05). Conclusions: Psyllium reduces hunger feelings and energy intake in normal volunteers at reasonable dose and without requiring mixing with the meal. It does not act by slowing down the gastric emptying of hydrosoluble nutrients, but by increase in the time allowed for intestinal absorption, as suggested by the¯attening of the postprandial serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides curves.

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Effect of Gel Fibre on Gastric Emptying and Absorption of Glucose and Paracetamol

Cited by 368 publications

References 10 publications

Effect on the postprandial glycaemic level of the addition of water to a meal ingested by healthy subjects and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients

Effect on the postprandial glycaemic level of the addition of water to a meal ingested by healthy subjects and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients

Therapeutic effects of psyllium in type 2 diabetic patients

Effect of psyllium on gastric emptying, hunger feeling and food intake in normal volunteers: a double blind study

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