Effects of Addition of Linseed and Marine Algae to the Diet on Adipose Tissue Development, Fatty Acid Profile, Lipogenic Gene Expression, and Meat Quality in Lambs

Urrutia, Olaia; Mendizábal, J. A.; Insausti, K.; Soret, B.; Purroy, A.; Arana, A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156765

Cited by 63 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The regulation of lpl could be thus FA specific as shown in Pagrus major, where diets supplemented with OA and EPA produced a diminished expression of adipose tissue lpl, but not after supplementation with OA and LA [56]. Therefore, the type of FA present in the feed influences adipose tissue lpl expression, as it occurs in mammals [57][58][59]. Moreover, hsl mRNA levels were upregulated after LA administration, although this result was not correlated with protein levels, where differences were not found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Short-Term Responses to Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Riera‐Heredia

Lutfi

Sánchez-Moya

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Fish are rich in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Due to the increasing use of vegetable oils (VO), their proportion in diets has lowered, affecting lipid metabolism and fillet composition. Rainbow trout cultured preadipocytes were treated with representative FA found in fish oils (EPA and DHA) or VO (linoleic, LA and alpha-linolenic, ALA acids), while EPA and LA were also orally administered, to evaluate their effects on adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. In vitro, all FA increased lipid internalization, with ALA producing the highest effect, together with upregulating the FA transporter fatp1. In vivo, EPA or LA increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ppara and pparb transcripts abundance in adipose tissue, suggesting elevated β-oxidation, contrary to the results obtained in liver. Furthermore, the increased expression of FA synthase (fas) and the FA translocase/cluster of differentiation (cd36) in adipose tissue indicated an enhanced uptake of lipids and lipogenesis de novo, whereas stable or low hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid transport and turnover was found. Thus, fish showed a similar tissue metabolic response to the short-term availability of EPA or LA in vivo, while in vitro VO-derived FA demonstrated greater potential inducing fat accumulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Short-Term Responses to Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Riera‐Heredia

Lutfi

Sánchez-Moya

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…The concentrations of EPA and DHA in subcutaneous adipose tissue were not different between treatments (P > 0.10). Typically, supplementation with sources of EPA and DHA significantly increases their concentration in subcutaneous adipose tissue of ruminants (Cooper et al, 2004;Elis et al, 2016a;Urrutia et al, 2016). It is possible that our supplementation rate was too low to increase the concentration of EPA and DHA in adipose tissue.…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepartum fatty acid supplementation in sheep. II. Supplementation of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid during late gestation alters the fatty acid profile of plasma, colostrum, milk and adipose tissue, and increases lipogenic gene expression of adipose tissue1

Coleman

Murphy²,

Relling

2018

Journal of Animal Science

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The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to establish whether feeding a source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to ewes during late gestation changes the fatty acid profile of colostrum, milk, ewe adipose tissue, and plasma and subsequently lamb plasma and red blood cells (RBC), and 2) to investigate the effects of EPA and DHA on mRNA expression in ewe adipose tissue. Eighty-four gestating ewes (28 pens, three per pen) were blocked by lambing day and assigned to a diet with an addition of fat at 0.39% of the DM during the last 50 d of gestation using Ca salts of a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) high in palmitic and oleic acids or EPA + DHA. Blood samples were taken from ewes on days 20, 1 (parturition), and 30 and from lambs on days 1 and 30 for plasma fatty acid analysis. Fatty analysis of lamb RBC was performed on day 1. Colostrum samples were taken at lambing and milk samples on day 30 for fatty acid analysis. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken from one ewe per pen on day 20 for fatty acid analysis and gene expression analysis of 27 genes. Treatment × day interactions (P < 0.10) were observed for several isomers of C18:1, with concentrations that were greater in plasma of EPA + DHA ewes on day 20, but were not different on day 1 or 30. Plasma concentrations of EPA tended to be greater (P = 0.07), whereas DHA was greater (P < 0.001) in EPA + DHA ewes compared with PFAD ewes. There was no difference in EPA or DHA in adipose tissue with EPA + DHA vs. PFAD supplementation (P > 0.10). Concentrations of fatty acids with 6 to 10 carbons were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in colostrum and milk of EPA + DHA ewes. There was a treatment × day interaction with EPA + DHA ewes yielding greater EPA (P = 0.03) and DHA (P = 0.04) concentrations than PFAD in colostrum, but not in milk. Treatment × day interactions (P < 0.05) were observed for several C18:1 isomers with concentrations that were greater in EPA + DHA ewe colostrum, but were not different between treatments in milk. In lamb plasma and RBC, EPA and DHA were not different between treatments (P > 0.10). The expression of fatty acid synthase and leptin was significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 tended to be increased (P = 0.08) by supplementation of EPA + DHA vs. PFAD. These results suggest that supplementation with EPA and DHA to ewes during late gestation alters the fatty acid profile of plasma, colostrum, and milk and may increase lipogenesis.

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“…[25] In this study, AdipoQ expression was upregulated by high-dose ALA, suggesting that high-dose PUFAs may induce autophagy in adipocytes. [27] ALA and LA are among the major PUFAs in tissues, [28,29] thus we selected them for adipocyte treatment, in order to mimic the deposition of PUFAs in tissue. [26] However, a susceptibility to lipo-peroxidation is increased when PUFAs are concentrated in plasma and tissues, which results in increased ROS production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenol Compounds Attenuate High‐Dose PUFA‐Induced Oxidative Damage in Adipocytes

Deng

Ren

Zhang

et al. 2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Although polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are beneficial fatty acids, their excessive deposition can easily lead to lipid‐induced oxidation damage. It has recently been shown that diets rich in particular polyphenols may improve the oxidative status of tissues with high PUFA content. However, the underlying mechanism for this remains elusive. Therefore, a model is created of high‐dose PUFA injury in adipocytes, which investigates the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) and caffeic acid (CA) on the alleviation of oxidative damage induced by high doses of PUFAs. It is observed that high‐dose linolenic acids (ALA) enhance lipid oxidation, inflammation, and autophagy in adipocytes. However, RA and CA attenuate the high‐dose ALA‐enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines and microtubule‐associated protein 1, light chain 3, beta (MAP1LC3B). In addition, they reduce the intracellular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) that are elevated by high doses of ALA, and modulate the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase antioxidant (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) enzymes. The protective effects of RA and CA on adipocyte oxidative stress are in part associated with their capacity to improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes and exert free radical‐scavenging activity. Collectively, these results suggest that RA and CA may have potential benefits in protecting adipose cells from high‐dose PUFA‐induced oxidative damage. Practical Applications: It is known that a diet rich in PUFAs has beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. However, an accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids in tissues is more susceptible to lipid oxidation. In this study, it is found that polyphenols have the potential to protect adipose cells from high‐dose PUFAs‐induced damage. It has also been suggested that the consumption of a diet enriched in polyphenols could be beneficial for the prevention of lipid peroxidation and maintaining the balance between oxidative and anti‐oxidative processes. Polyphenols suppress the formation of lipid peroxy radical species. The process of lipid peroxidation consists of initiation, propagation, and termination. In the termination reaction, polyphenols may donate a hydrogen atom to the lipid radical, resulting in the termination of lipid peroxy radical species formation. In addition, polyphenols may improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thereby suppressing the formation of lipid peroxy radical species.

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Effects of Addition of Linseed and Marine Algae to the Diet on Adipose Tissue Development, Fatty Acid Profile, Lipogenic Gene Expression, and Meat Quality in Lambs

Cited by 63 publications

References 63 publications

Short-Term Responses to Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Short-Term Responses to Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Prepartum fatty acid supplementation in sheep. II. Supplementation of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid during late gestation alters the fatty acid profile of plasma, colostrum, milk and adipose tissue, and increases lipogenic gene expression of adipose tissue1

Polyphenol Compounds Attenuate High‐Dose PUFA‐Induced Oxidative Damage in Adipocytes

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