Effects of alcohol consumption and alcohol susceptibility on cognition: a psychophysiological examination

Bartholow, Bruce D.; Pearson, Melanie; Sher, Kenneth J.; Wieman, Leighann C; Fabiani, Monica; Gratton, Gabriele

doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(03)00108-x

Cited by 97 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…How does alcohol eliminate the slowdown of RT during the hard condition? In general, alcohol can produce psychomotor, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional effects (Bartholow et al, 2003;Curtin, Lang, Patrick, & Stritzke, 1998;Marczinski & Fillmore, 2003). In the context of our task, one possibility is that alcohol reduced the effect of unpleasant pictures via a general suppression of emotional processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load-dependent modulation of affective picture processing

Erthal

Oliveira

Mocaiber

et al. 2005

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

166

152

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Because of the biological significance of emotional stimuli, their processing is considered largely automatic. In the study reported herein, we tested the alternative hypothesis-namely, that the processing of emotional stimuli requires some level of attention. Our experiments utilized highly negative and arousing visual stimuli comprising mutilated bodies. All experiments employed a single task, which consisted of determining whether two peripheral bars were like oriented or not, thereby eliminating potential task-difference confounds that may have contaminated prior studies. Our results revealed that task-irrelevant unpleasant images slowed reaction time during the performance of the main task. Such interference was modulated by task difficulty as well as by alcohol consumption, showing that the processing of emotional visual stimuli is not immune to attentional manipulations. These results suggest that it is essential to utilize attentional manipulations that more fully consume attentional resources in order to demonstrate that the processing of emotional stimuli is resource limited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load-dependent modulation of affective picture processing

Erthal

Oliveira

Mocaiber

et al. 2005

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

166

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The narrowing of attention is one of the processes suggested to underlie the effect on human performance (e.g., Steele & Josephs, 1988). This is supported by studies showing reduced inhibition to visual stimuli, e.g., in a stop-signal task (Fillmore & Vogel-Sprott, 1999); when the subject is asked to perform more difficult dual-tasks (Fillmore & Van Selst, 2002); or when the central visual target stimulus is being flanked by response-incongruent stimuli (Eriksen flanker task, see Bartholow et al, 2003) (cf. Kenemans et al, 2010).…”

Section: Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 93%

Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): A review and meta-analysis of studies in psychiatric and neurological disorders

Kremláček

Kreegipuu

Tales

et al. 2016

Cortex

108

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The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) response is an event-related potential (ERP) component, which is automatically elicited by events that violate predictions based on prior events. VMMN experiments use visual stimulus repetition to induce predictions, and vMMN is obtained by subtracting the response to rare unpredicted stimuli from those to frequent stimuli. One increasingly popular interpretation of the mismatch response postulates that vMMN, similar to its auditory counterpart (aMMN), represents a prediction error response generated by cortical mechanisms forming probabilistic representations of sensory signals. Here we discuss the physiological and theoretical basis of vMMN and review thirty-three studies from the emerging field of its clinical applications, presenting a meta-analysis of findings in schizophrenia, mood disorders, substance abuse, neurodegenerative disorders, developmental disorders, deafness, panic disorder and hypertension. Furthermore, we include reports on aging and maturation as they bear upon many clinically relevant conditions. Surveying the literature we found that vMMN is altered in several clinical populations which is in line with aMMN findings. An important potential advantage of vMMN however is that it allows the investigation of deficits in predictive processing in cognitive domains which rely primarily on visual information; a principal sensory modality and thus of vital importance in environmental information processing and response, and a modality which arguably may be more sensitive to some pathological changes. However, due to the relative infancy of research in vMMN compared to aMMN in clinical populations its potential for clinical application is not yet fully appreciated. The aim of this review and meta-analysis therefore is to present, in a detailed systematic manner, the findings from clinically-based vMMN studies, to discuss their potential impact and application, to raise awareness of this measure and to improve our understanding of disease upon fundamental aspects of visual information processing. Furthermore, we include reports on aging and maturation as they bear upon many clinically relevant conditions. Surveying the literature we found that vMMN is altered in several 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 clinical populations which is in line with aMMN findings. An important potential advantage of vMMN however is that it allows the investigation of deficits in predictive processing in cognitive domains which rely primarily on visual information; a principal sensor...

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“…The flanker task was used as a measure of selective attention 6 , which is the process of attending to relevant information while ignoring irrelevant information. A central fixation cross was presented for 500ms, which was then replaced by a target ("2" or "4"), which was flanked by distractors that were either the same (congruent) or the opposing (incongruent) stimuli (i.e.…”

Section: Flanker Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various forms of switching tasks exist, and here we used two versions. Both versions required participants to respond to a series of single-digit numbers (1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9) appearing in the centre of the screen for 500ms. There were two instructions for responding to the numbers: judge whether the number is lower or higher than 5 or judge whether it is odd or even.…”

Section: Cued Task Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%