Effects of short‐ and long‐term Mediterranean‐based dietary treatment on plasma LC‐QTOF/MS metabolic profiling of subjects with metabolic syndrome features: The Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra (RESMENA) randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Scope: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Metabolomics approach may contribute to identify beneficial associations of metabolic changes affected by Mediterranean diet-based interventions with inflammatory and oxidative-stress markers related to the etiology and development of the MetS. Methods and results:Liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight-MS metabolic profiling was applied to plasma from a 6-month randomized intervention with two sequential periods, a 2-month nutritional-learning intervention period, and a 4-month self-control period, with two energy-restricted diets; the RESMENA diet (based on the Mediterranean dietary pattern) and the Control diet (based on the American Heart Association guidelines), in 72 subjects with a high BMI and at least two features of MetS. The major contributing biomarkers of each sequential period were lipids, mainly phospholipids and lysophospholipids. Dependency network analysis showed a different pattern of associations between metabolic changes and clinical variables after 2 and 6 month of intervention, with a highly interconnected network during the nutritional-learning intervention period of the study. Conclusion: The 2-month RESMENA diet produced significant changes in the plasma metabolic profile of subjects with MetS features. However, at the end of the 6-month study, most of the associations between metabolic and clinical variables disappeared; suggesting that adherence to healthy dietary habits had declined during the self-control period.

Impairment of lysophospholipid metabolism in obesity: altered plasma profile and desensitization to the modulatory properties of n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a randomized controlled trial

“…In contrast, increased concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine species associated with the onset of type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity have been described as well (5,6,(32)(33)(34)(35), suggesting that the onset of these alterations might be associated with transient increases of lysophosphatidylcholine. Besides lysophosphatidylcholine species, plasma lysophosphatidylethanolamines have been shown to correlate negatively with BMI (36) and increase as obesity is ameliorated by diet (11). In agreement with these results, our analyses performed on plasma collected in fasting conditions revealed lower circulating concentrations of some lysophosphatidylethanolamines in obese subjects than in normalweight subjects.…”

“…Recent advances in the field of metabolomics have allowed untargeted exploration of the metabolic changes induced by obesity or obesity-related complications. Through the use of this approach, different lysophospholipid species, mainly lysophosphatidylcholines, have been identified as being differentially changed in the plasma of subjects with obesity (3)(4)(5)(6), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (7)(8)(9), or NAFLD (10), and as accompanying the amelioration of different features associated with obesity and MetS (11,12). These findings suggest that obesity and obesity-related conditions are linked to altered plasma lysophospholipids.…”

Identifying biomarkers of dietary patterns by using metabolomics

“…Another study randomly assigned participants to a 6-mo Mediterranean diet or control. Plasma metabolites measured by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry that discriminated the Mediterranean diet included glycerophospholipids and lysophosphatidylcholines, similar to our observation of a major role for lipid species (81). The New Nordic Diet was discriminated from the Average Danish Diet by urine metabolites related to fish (trimethylamine N-oxide), polyphenolcontaining foods (e.g., hippurate), fruits and vegetables (3,4,5,6-tetrahydrohippurate), and wheat (arbutin) in a parallel intervention study (82).…”

Impact of a Fruit and Vegetable Diet Intervention in Young Adults with Metabolic Syndrome on Behavior and Gut Microbiome

“…Since rates of MetS typically increase with age, primary prevention for the comorbidities related to MetS should be started at an early age [16]. However, MetS is often undiagnosed in the young adult population (age [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] [17]. Thus, the young adult population is an optimal time to engage in primary prevention strategies to reduce future risk of disease [18,19].…”

“…With the need to improve dietary intake among young adults with suboptimal health behaviors [24], education-based dietary interventions are one way to help improve lifestyle behaviors and decrease risk of further CHD events [25]. The combination of a motivated individual and appropriate behavioral support can result in a positive dietary change [26].…”