Emotional Reactivity and Mortality: Longitudinal Findings From the VA Normative Aging Study

Mroczek, Daniel K.; Stawski, Robert S.; Turiano, Nicholas A.; Chan, Wai Chi; Almeida, David M.; Neupert, Shevaun D.; Spiro, Avron

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbt107

Cited by 145 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous findings regarding associations between variability in psychological functioning and mortality (Mroczek et al, 2013). Specifically, we found that individuals with relatively low mean life satisfaction that also varied greatly across time tended to have the highest mortality risk during the follow-up period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Variability Modifies Life Satisfaction’s Association With Mortality Risk in Older Adults

Boehm

Winning²,

Segerstrom

et al. 2015

Psychol Sci

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Life satisfaction is associated with greater longevity, but its variability across time has not been examined relative to longevity. We investigated whether mean levels of life satisfaction across time, variability in life satisfaction across time, and their interaction were associated with mortality over 9 years of follow-up. Participants were 4,458 Australians initially ≥50 years old. During the follow-up, 546 people died. Adjusting for age, greater mean life satisfaction was associated with reduced risk and greater variability in life satisfaction was associated with increased risk of mortality. These findings were qualified by a significant interaction such that individuals with low mean satisfaction and high variability in satisfaction had the greatest risk of mortality over the follow-up period. In combination with mean levels of life satisfaction, variability in life satisfaction is relevant for mortality risk among older adults. Considering intraindividual variability provides additional insight into associations between psychological characteristics and health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Variability Modifies Life Satisfaction’s Association With Mortality Risk in Older Adults

Boehm

Winning²,

Segerstrom

et al. 2015

Psychol Sci

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“…Most studies focus on the association between negative affect and stressors; relatively few studies have looked at the lower levels of positive affect that are present on days when stressors occur. A recent study, however, suggest that these changes may be even more consequential for well-being than those related to negative affect (Mroczek et al, 2015). This study found that in a sample of middle to older aged men, greater decreases in stress-related positive affect, but not increases in stress-related negative affect, predicted increased mortality (Mroczek et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and stressor-related affect.

Leger

Charles

Turiano

et al. 2016

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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127

125

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Greater increases in negative affect and greater decreases in positive affect on days stressors occur portend poorer mental and physical health years later. Although personality traits influence stressor-related affect, only neuroticism and extraversion among the Big Five personality traits have been examined in any detail. Moreover, personality traits may shape how people appraise daily stressors, yet few studies have examined how stressor-related appraisals may account for associations between personality and stressor-related affect. Two studies used participants (N=2022, age 30–84) from the National Study of Daily Experiences II (NSDE II) to examine the associations between Big Five personality traits and stressor-related affect, in addition to how appraisals may account for these relationships. Results from Study 1 indicate that higher levels of extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience, and lower levels of neuroticism, are related to less stressor-related negative affect. Only agreeableness was associated with stressor-related positive affect, such that higher levels were related to greater decreases in positive affect on days stressors occur. The second study found that stressor-related appraisals partially accounted for the significant associations between stressor-related negative affect and personality. Implications for these findings in relation to how personality may influence physical and emotional health are discussed.

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“…Participants completed a self-report version of the DISE, indicating whether certain types of daily stressors had occurred the prior day (Mroczek et al, 2013). Accordingly, the DISE had the potential to tap into both acute and chronic stressors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, participants were asked “In the last 24 hours, did anything happen in your workplace or volunteer setting that most people would consider stressful?” and “In the last 24 hours, did anything happen at home that most people would consider stressful?” In both scenarios, a participant could report a stressor that was an ongoing chronic stressor (e.g., one of many arguments over the past few months with a spouse), or one that only happened that day, and thus was relatively more acute in nature. Following prior research, participants were also asked whether the stressor involved an argument or disagreement with another person (Almeida et al, 2002; Mroczek et al, 2013). We created two composites from the DISE, reflecting the total number of stressors that did and did not involve interpersonal tension on the day before each visit (Almeida et al, 2002); both composites were based on stressors that participants self-identified as involving interpersonal tension or not.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal stressors predict ghrelin and leptin levels in women

Jaremka

Belury

Andridge

et al. 2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Objective Stressful events enhance risk for weight gain and adiposity. Ghrelin and leptin, two hormones that are implicated in appetite regulation, may link stressful events to weight gain; a number of rodent studies suggest that stressors increase ghrelin production. The present study investigated the links among daily stressors, ghrelin and leptin, and dietary intake in humans. Method Women (N = 50) completed three study appointments that were scheduled at least 2 weeks apart. At each visit, women arrived fasting and ate a standardized breakfast and lunch. Blood samples were collected 45 minutes after each meal. Women completed a self-report version of the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events (DISE) at each appointment. Two composites were created from the DISE data, reflecting the number of stressors that did and did not involve interpersonal tension. Results Women who experienced more stressors involving interpersonal tension had higher ghrelin and lower leptin levels than those who experienced fewer interpersonal stressors. Furthermore, women who experienced more interpersonal stressors had a diet that was higher in calories, fat, carbohydrates, protein, sugar, sodium, and fiber, and marginally higher in cholesterol, vegetables (but not fruits), vitamin A, and vitamin C. Stressors that did not involve interpersonal tension were unrelated to ghrelin and leptin levels or any of the dietary components examined. Conclusions These data suggest that ghrelin and leptin may link daily interpersonal stressors to weight gain and obesity.

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Emotional Reactivity and Mortality: Longitudinal Findings From the VA Normative Aging Study

Abstract: Findings highlight the potential importance of dynamic aspects of positive affect in prediction of physical health outcomes such as mortality.

Cited by 145 publications

References 60 publications

Variability Modifies Life Satisfaction’s Association With Mortality Risk in Older Adults

Variability Modifies Life Satisfaction’s Association With Mortality Risk in Older Adults

Personality and stressor-related affect.

Interpersonal stressors predict ghrelin and leptin levels in women

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