“…The perplexity score is a means of measuring the goodness of fit of a topic model (Blei et al, 2003). In general, the smaller the perplexity value of the model, the better it fits the topics occurring in a corpus and their relevance to different documents (Daradkeh, 2019a(Daradkeh, , 2019b(Daradkeh, , 2019c(Daradkeh, , 2019d(Daradkeh, , 2020(Daradkeh, , 2021a(Daradkeh, , 2021b(Daradkeh, , 2021c(Daradkeh, , 2022Daradkeh & Al-Dwairi, 2018;Daradkeh & Sabbahein, 2019;Maier et al, 2018).…”