Failure of Frontolimbic Inhibitory Function in the Context of Negative Emotion in Borderline Personality Disorder

Silbersweig, David; Clarkin, John F.; Goldstein, Martin; Kernberg, Otto F.; Tuescher, Oliver; Levy, Kenneth N.; Brendel, Gary; Pan, Hong; Beutel, Manfred E.; Pavony, Michelle T.; Epstein, Jennifer A.; Lenzenweger, Mark F.; Thomas, Kathleen M.; Posner, Michael I.; Stern, Emily

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06010126

Cited by 330 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Accordingly, this may explain why individuals with a history of NSSI fail to consistently display impulsivity on behavioral measures if negative affect is not present at the time of assessment. Further, there is evidence that individuals with BPD (a disorder associated with NSSI) struggle with inhibitory control during periods of negative affect, which may be a result of decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity (Silbersweig et al 2007). Additionally, while not directly related to impulsivity, negative affect (i.e., interpersonal distress) has also been shown to be associated with heightened pain tolerance among individuals who engage in NSSI (Gratz et al 2011).…”

Section: Impulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsivity and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Examining the Role of Affect Manipulation

Lengel

DeShong

Mullins‐Sweatt

2015

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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The assessment of impulsivity is complicated by the construct's multi-faceted nature and poor correspondence between self-report and behavioral measures. These complications extend to populations anecdotally described as impulsive, including individuals who engage in nonsuicidal selfinjury (NSSI). Research suggests that self-injurers report impulsivity, primarily negative urgency. Thus, negative affect may be an important prerequisite for increased impulsive behaviors. The present laboratory study examined self-report impulsivity differences between individuals with and without a history of NSSI and if self-injurers demonstrated behavioral impulsivity when experienci ng negative affect. Undergraduates with (N=54) and without (N=61) a history of NSSI participated in a two-part laboratory-based study that investigated the role of affect manipulation in impulsivity and NSSI. Participants were randomly assigned to either a negative or a neutral-relaxing mood induction. Participants completed self-report measures of impulsivity, NSSI, and negative affect. A behavioral measure of impulsivity was administered during Session 1 (prior to a mood induction task) and again during Session 2 (following a mood induction task) to determine whether affect had an effect on behavioral impulsivity task performance. Self-injurers reported higher negative urgency and lack of perseverance but did not display impulsivity on the behavioral task, even under conditions of negative affect.

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Section: Impulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsivity and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Examining the Role of Affect Manipulation

Lengel

DeShong

Mullins‐Sweatt

2015

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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“…One functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study found that BPD patients did not show any activation in relevant brain regions such as the ACC and PFC during the emotional Stroop task compared to healthy control subjects [50]. Another fMRI study with an adapted Stroop task revealed neural differences in BPD patients compared to healthy control subjects in terms of decreased medial orbitofrontal and subgenual anterior cingulate activity and increased activity in the insula, dorsal ACC, and lateral orbitofrontal areas [51]. Thus, both studies found reduced activation in regions associated with attentional and emotional control.…”

Section: Exaggerated Memory Interference By Emotional Stimuli?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotions and Memory in Borderline Personality Disorder

Winter

Elzinga²,

Schmahl³

2013

Psychopathology

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Memory processes such as encoding, storage, and retrieval of information are influenced by emotional content. Because patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are particularly susceptible to emotional information, it is relevant to understand whether such memory processes are altered in this patient group. This systematic literature review collects current evidence on this issue. Research suggests that emotional information interferes more strongly with information processing and learning in BPD patients than in healthy controls. In general, BPD patients do not seem to differ from healthy control subjects in their ability to memorize emotional information, but they tend to have specific difficulties forgetting negative information. Also, BPD patients seem to recall autobiographical, particularly negative events with stronger arousal than healthy controls, while BPD patients also show specific temporo-prefrontal alterations in neural correlates. No substantial evidence was found that the current affective state influences learning and memory in BPD patients any differently than in healthy control subjects. In general, a depressive mood seems to both deteriorate and negatively bias information processing and memories, while there is evidence that dissociative symptoms impair learning and memory independently of stimulus valence. This review discusses methodological challenges of studies on memory and emotions in BPD and makes suggestions for future research and clinical implications.

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“…In addition, enhanced amygdala activation in response to repeatedly presented unpleasant pictures in BPD points to prolonged emotional responses due to poor amygdala habituation [17]. Compared to healthy individuals, BPD subjects showed a reduced ability to downregulate their amygdala activation by using cognitive distractions in implicit affect regulation tasks [18,19]. A number of studies also investigated the capacity of BPD patients to explicitly regulate and dampen their emotions; this capacity has been related to prefrontal top-down processes.…”

Section: Affective Dysregulation and Impulsivity In Bpd: A Neuroscienmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Dysfunctioning and Brain in Borderline Personality Disorder

Herpertz

Jeung²,

Mancke³

et al. 2014

Psychopathology

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Interpersonal dysfunction is the most prominent and best discriminating characteristic in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Data from experimental psychopathology point to emotional lability, (auto-)aggression, threat hypersensitivity, poor chance of interpersonal repair, frequent misunderstandings and self/other diffusion as the most significant factors which contribute to the interpersonal derailments typical of BPD. Neuroscientific methods are suitable to elucidate the mechanisms which mediate deficient social functioning in BPD, i.e. affective dysregulation, impulsivity/disinhibition and poor social cognition as well as their neurobiological correlates. Low prefrontoamygdalar coupling together with low activity in inhibiting prefrontal areas, high activity in the mirror neuron system, low activity in the mentalizing circuit, and low anterior insular activity in case of social norm violations are the most significant functional neuroimaging findings that have been reported from individuals with BPD, up to now. In addition, peculiarities of facial emotion processing have been detected by means of psychophysiological methodology in BPD patients. Data have led to preliminary models of social dysfunctioning in BPD that have to be experimentally tested in the future, evolving neuroscience into an important tool to better understand what distresses patients with BPD when communicating with others.

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Failure of Frontolimbic Inhibitory Function in the Context of Negative Emotion in Borderline Personality Disorder

Abstract: These findings suggest specific frontolimbic neural substrates associated with core clinical features of emotional and behavioral dyscontrol in borderline personality disorder.

Cited by 330 publications

References 27 publications

Impulsivity and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Examining the Role of Affect Manipulation

Impulsivity and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Examining the Role of Affect Manipulation

Emotions and Memory in Borderline Personality Disorder

Social Dysfunctioning and Brain in Borderline Personality Disorder

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