Fasting drives the metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a calorie-restricted diet in mice

Pak, Heidi H.; Haws, Spencer A.; Green, Cara L; Koller, Mikaela; Lavarias, Mitchell T.; Richardson, Nicole; Yang, Shany E.; Dumas, Sabrina N; Sonsalla, Michelle; Bray, Lindsey; Johnson, Michelle S.; Barnes, Stephen; Darley‐Usmar, Victor; Zhang, Jianhua; Yen, Chi‐Liang Eric; Denu, John M.; Lamming, Dudley W.

doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00466-9

Cited by 90 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…As a caveat, it must be underscored that CR in laboratory animals unwillingly induces prolonged day fasts because animals rapidly, that is, ~2 h, consume their entire daily meal then fast until the next day [81]. Thus, CR data from laboratory animals must be interpreted with extreme caution as they might be the consequence of collaterally imposed fast [82]. An additional caveat concerns the use of in vitro models, which provide useful mechanistic information, but are quite remote from in vivo ones; for example, cell cultures are nearly devoid of antioxidants [83,84] and essential fatty acids [85].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether-and to what extent-the aforementioned biochemical pathways are affected in humans by fasting remains to be determined. However, a very recent and important publication by Pak et al [82] demonstrate that daily prolonged fasting, and not solely reduced caloric intake, is likely responsible for the metabolic and geroprotective benefits of a CR diet.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traditional and Medical Applications of Fasting

et al. 2022

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Fasting has been practiced for millennia, for religious, ethical, or health reasons. It is also commonplace among different species, from humans, to animals, to lower eukaryotes. Research on fasting is gaining traction based on recent studies that show its role in many adaptive cellular responses such as the reduction of oxidative damage and inflammation, increase of energy metabolism, and in boosting cellular protection. In this expert review, we recount the historical evolution of fasting and we critically analyze its current medical applications, including benefits and caveats. Based on the available data, we conclude that the manipulation of dietary intake, in the form of calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, dietary restriction with the exclusion of some nutrients, prolonged fasting, and so forth, is anthropologically engraved in human culture possibly because of its positive health effects. Indeed, many studies show that fasting ameliorates many biochemical parameters related to cardiovascular and cancer risk, and neurodegeneration. Mechanistic studies are plentiful, but largely limited to cell cultures or laboratory animals. Understandably, there are no controlled trials of any form of fasting that gauge the effects on [any cause] mortality. Physicians should be aware that misinformation is pervasive and that their patients often adopt dietary regimens that are far from being clinically validated. Moreover, doctors are often unaware of their patients’ religious or traditional fasting and of its potential health effects. Based on current evidence, no long-term fasting should be undertaken without medical supervision until future research will hopefully help shed further light on fasting and its effects on human health.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and Medical Applications of Fasting

et al. 2022

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“…Yet, CR per se has not shown to be superior to prolonged intermittent fasting (IF) [ 230 ]. In fact, it is the fasting component that underlies the benefit of CR, where fasting without food reduction recapitulates the metabolic adaptations to CR [ 231 ]. Indeed, IF has been shown to benefit metabolic profile and promote adaptive reprogramming of AT, including up-regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and Ucp1 expression and improvements in pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory burden [ 231–234 ].…”

Section: At Reprogramming As Therapeutic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The shades of grey in adipose tissue reprogramming

Hui

2022

Bioscience Reports

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The adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in contributing to obesity-related pathologies through regulating systemic immuno-metabolism. The pathogenicity of the AT is underpinned by its remarkable plasticity to be reprogrammed under the condition of obesity, in the perspectives of tissue morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, angiogenesis, immuno-metabolic homeostasis and circadian rhythmicity. Dysregulation in these features escalates the pathogenesis conferred by this endo-metabolic organ. Intriguingly, the potential to be reprogrammed appears to be an Achilles' heel of the obese AT that can be targeted for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of the reprogramming processes of white AT (WAT), with a focus on their dynamics and pleiotropic actions over local and systemic homeostasis, followed by a discussion of potential strategies favouring therapeutic reprogramming. The potential involvement of AT remodelling in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is also summarized and discussed.

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“…Furthermore, in a recent study, Pak et al used a series of feeding regimens to dissect the effects of caloric restriction (CR) and fasting [75]. Four groups of mice were examined:…”

Section: Evidence On Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Fasting Curb the Metabolic Syndrome Epidemic?

et al. 2022

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that includes hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Due to the high prevalence (around 1/3 of the world population) economic burden of MetS, there is a need for new dietary, lifestyle, and therapeutic options. Recently, fasting emerged as a dietary method proposed for controlling metabolic risk factors. Intermittent fasting (IF), or time-restricted feeding (TRF), describes an array of feeding patterns in which calorie intake is restricted to a specific time period. Hence, this review aimed to elucidate the latest data on MetS and explore the viability of simple management options, such as IF and TRF. Preclinical studies have shown how IF/TRF exerts beneficial effects on the gut microbiota, glucose and insulin metabolism, weight and visceral fat, and lipid metabolism. However, the results obtained from human studies are somewhat conflicting, as weight loss was achieved in all studies, whereas in some studies, there was no significant effect on insulin resistance, cholesterol/lipid metabolism, or blood pressure. Nevertheless, as only very few human studies were performed, there is a need for more randomized control trials on larger cohorts of patients with MetS to gather higher-yield evidence to clarify whether IF/TRF are suitable dietary patterns for this population.

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Fasting drives the metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a calorie-restricted diet in mice

Cited by 90 publications

References 79 publications

Traditional and Medical Applications of Fasting

Traditional and Medical Applications of Fasting

The shades of grey in adipose tissue reprogramming

Can Fasting Curb the Metabolic Syndrome Epidemic?

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