High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder

Li, Christine; Birmaher, Boris; Rooks, Brian; Gill, Mary Kay; Hower, Heather; Axelson, David; Dickstein, Daniel P.; Goldstein, Tina R.; Liao, Fangzi; Yen, Shirley; Hunt, Jeffrey; Iyengar, Satish; Strober, Michael; Keller, Martin B.; Goldstein, Benjamin I.

doi:10.4088/jcp.18m12422

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…These observations are interpreted as outcomes of severe nutritional changes and missing preventive interventions targeting healthy diet [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Several studies have found that young adults are at increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases [ 43 , 44 , 45 ] and for mental disorders [ 46 , 47 ] in the presence of metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components as Well as in Relevant Preventive Medication between 2006 and 2018 in the Northeast Hungarian Population

Pikó

Diószegi

Sándor

et al. 2021

JPM

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide problem with severe health consequences. In this study, we examine the changes in the prevalence of MetS and its components in two disadvantaged counties of Northeastern Hungary. Two health examination surveys were performed in the Hungarian population aged 20–64 years in 2006 (n = 450) and 2018 (n = 397) and the data were compared to each other. It was found that the prevalence of MetS increased significantly in the period examined (from 34.9% to 42.2%, p = 0.035) due to the increased prevalence of raised blood pressure (from 45.6% to 57.0%, p = 0.002) and raised fasting glucose concentration (13.2% vs. 24.8%, p < 0.001). The increase mainly affects the younger (20–34 years old) age group (12.1% in 2006 vs. 31.6% in 2018, p = 0.001). It is quite alarming that the prevalence of MetS and its components has increased significantly in the last decade, while the prevalence of preventive medication is unchanged (antihypertensive and antidiabetic treatments) or even significantly decreased (lipid-lowering medication). Consequently, the number of individuals untreated for hypertension and metabolic disturbances is severely increased. A targeted public health strategy is desperately needed to prevent further worsening the situation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components as Well as in Relevant Preventive Medication between 2006 and 2018 in the Northeast Hungarian Population

Pikó

Diószegi

Sándor

et al. 2021

JPM

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show abstract

“…Alcohol-related disorders [ 61 ], withdrawal [ 62 – 64 ], and co-occurring MD/SRD [ 65 , 66 ] have been shown to elevate the risk of hospital readmission. Higher hospitalization rates may also be explained by higher rates of physical illnesses in patients with co-occurring MD/SRD [ 25 , 67 , 68 ], such as cardiovascular diseases [ 69 ], metabolic syndrome [ 70 , 71 ], obesity [ 72 ] and liver diseases [ 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of hospitalization for any medical condition among patients with prior emergency department visits for mental health conditions

et al. 2020

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Background This longitudinal study identified risk factors for frequency of hospitalization among patients with any medical condition who had previously visited one of six Quebec (Canada) emergency departments (ED) at least once for mental health (MH) conditions as the primary diagnosis. Methods Records of n = 11,367 patients were investigated using administrative databanks (2012–13/2014–15). Hospitalization rates in the 12 months after a first ED visit in 2014–15 were categorized as no hospitalizations (0 times), moderate hospitalizations (1–2 times), and frequent hospitalizations (3+ times). Based on the Andersen Behavioral Model, data on risk factors were gathered for the 2 years prior to the first visit in 2014–15, and were identified as predisposing, enabling or needs factors. They were tested using a hierarchical multinomial logistic regression according to the three groups of hospitalization rate. Results Enabling factors accounted for the largest percentage of total variance explained in the study model, followed by needs and predisposing factors. Co-occurring mental disorders (MD)/substance-related disorders (SRD), alcohol-related disorders, depressive disorders, frequency of consultations with outpatient psychiatrists, prior ED visits for any medical condition and number of physicians consulted in specialized care, were risk factors for both moderate and frequent hospitalizations. Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders, and age (except 12–17 years) were risk factors for moderate hospitalizations, while higher numbers (4+) of overall interventions in local community health service centers were a risk factor for frequent hospitalizations only. Patients with personality disorders, drug-related disorders, suicidal behaviors, and those who visited a psychiatric ED integrated with a general ED in a separate site, or who visited a general ED without psychiatric services were also less likely to be hospitalized. Less urgent and non-urgent illness acuity prevented moderate hospitalizations only. Conclusions Patients with severe and complex health conditions, and higher numbers of both prior outpatient psychiatrist consultations and ED visits for medical conditions had more moderate and frequent hospitalizations as compared with non-hospitalized patients. Patients at risk for frequent hospitalizations were more vulnerable overall and had important biopsychosocial problems. Improved primary care and integrated outpatient services may prevent post-ED hospitalization.

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“…44 Finally, some of the clinical features of BD include hyperphagia, hypersomnia, and reduced physical activity, 37 which may lead to MetS, especially in depressive episodes. [56][57][58] Major depressive disorder MetS is present in approximately 30.5% of patients with MDD. 6,59 Compared with healthy controls, meta-analytical data suggest that patients with MDD had a significantly increased risk of MetS (OR 1.54; 95%CI 1.21-1.97).…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical health in affective disorders: a narrative review of the literature

Colomer

Anmella

Vieta

et al. 2021

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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This article reviews the most common non-psychiatric comorbidities associated with affective disorders, examining the implications of their possible bidirectional link. A narrative review was conducted on the association among the three most common non-psychiatric diseases in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder (obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases) in articles published from January 1994 to April 2020. The evidence suggests that obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in patients diagnosed with affective disorders. The presence of non-psychiatric comorbidities significantly worsens the therapeutic management and prognosis of affective disorders and vice versa. In many cases, these comorbidities may precede the onset of affective disorders, although in most cases they appear after it. The presence of these concurrent non-psychiatric diseases in an individual diagnosed with an affective disorder is associated with a more complex disease presentation and management. For professionals, the evidence unequivocally supports routine surveillance of comorbidities from a multidisciplinary approach.

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High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder

Cited by 34 publications

References 62 publications

Changes in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components as Well as in Relevant Preventive Medication between 2006 and 2018 in the Northeast Hungarian Population

Changes in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components as Well as in Relevant Preventive Medication between 2006 and 2018 in the Northeast Hungarian Population

Risk factors of hospitalization for any medical condition among patients with prior emergency department visits for mental health conditions

Physical health in affective disorders: a narrative review of the literature

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