Horizons in the Pharmacotherapy of Obesity

Arch, Jonathan R. S.

doi:10.1007/s13679-015-0177-4

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…However, many drugs for curing obesity have been withdrawn because of serious side effects [ 11 ]. OL as a positive drug reduced gut fat absorption by inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase, but was still little used [ 12 ]. The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that LH inhibits obesity and fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mogrosides on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

et al. 2018

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Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent and cause numerous metabolic diseases. However, drugs for the prevention and treatment of obesity and NAFLD remain unavailable. In this study, we investigated the effects of mogrosides (luo han guo, LH) in Siraitia grosvenorii saponins on high-fat-diet-induced obesity and NAFLD in mice. We found that compared with the negative control, LH reduced body and liver weight. LH also decreased fat accumulation and increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation (pAMPK) levels in mouse livers. We also found that high-purity mogroside V upregulated pAMPK expression in HepG2 cells. In addition, high-purity mogroside V inhibited reactive oxygen species production and upregulated sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, p62) expression in THP-1 cells. These results suggest that LH may affect obesity and NAFLD by enhancing fat metabolism and antioxidative defenses. Mogroside V may be a main component of LH. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and active components responsible for the inhibitory effects of LH on obesity and NAFLD require further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mogrosides on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

et al. 2018

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“…In terms of pharmacotherapy for obesity, only a few new drugs have been registered over the last few years (Arch 2015, Patel 2015. Despite the many known peptidic hormones involved in food intake regulation, only one of them, liraglutide, a peptidic drug acting through the GLP1 receptor, has recently been approved for anti-obesity treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ideal anti-obesity drug should produce sustained weight loss with minimal side effects. Recent progress in an understanding of peptidergic signaling of hunger and satiety, both from the gastrointestinal tract and its upstream pathways in the hypothalamus, have opened the possibility for using anorexigenic neuropeptides in obesity treatment (Arch 2015, Patel 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palmitoylated PrRP analog decreases body weight in DIO rats but not in ZDF rats

Holubová

Zemenová

Mikulášková

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

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Anorexigenic neuropeptides produced and acting in the brain have the potential to decrease food intake and ameliorate obesity, but are ineffective after peripheral application, owing to a limited ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. We have designed lipidized analogs of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), which is involved in energy balance regulation as demonstrated by obesity phenotypes of bothPrrp-knockout andPrrpreceptor-knockout mice. The aim of this study was to characterize the subchronic effect of a palmitoylated PrRP analog in two rat models of obesity and diabetes: diet-induced obese Sprague–Dawley rats and leptin receptor-deficient Zucker diabetic (ZDF) rats. In the rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO), a two-week intraperitoneal treatment with palmitoylated PrRP lowered food intake by 24% and body weight by 8%. This treatment also improved glucose tolerance and tended to decrease leptin levels and adipose tissue masses in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, in ZDF rats, the same treatment with palmitoylated PrRP lowered food intake but did not significantly affect body weight or glucose tolerance, probably in consequence of severe leptin resistance due to a nonfunctional leptin receptor. Our data indicate a good efficacy of lipidized PrRP in DIO rats. Thus, the strong anorexigenic, body weight-reducing, and glucose tolerance-improving effects make palmitoylated PrRP an attractive candidate for anti-obesity treatment.

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“…New medications and therapies are being developed. One potential target for drug development is brown fat, which has the potential to activate thermogenesis through the uncoupling of the electron transport chain from ATP production, which results in the dissipation of energy as heat and increased caloric burn [71]. Research has shown that pharmacotherapy results can range from very substantial weight loss to modest or no weight loss [72].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Disparities in Obesity Treatment

2018

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Purpose of Review Obesity rates in the USA have reached pandemic levels with one third of the population with obesity in 2015–2016 (39.8% of adults and 18.5% of youth). It is a major public health concern, and it is prudent to understand the factors which contribute. Racial and ethnic disparities are pronounced in both the prevalence and treatment of obesity and must be addressed in the efforts to combat obesity. Recent Findings Disparities in prevalence of obesity in racial/ethnic minorities are apparent as early as the preschool years and factors including genetics, diet, physical activity, psychological factors, stress, income, and discrimination, among others, must be taken into consideration. A multidisciplinary team optimizes lifestyle and behavioral interventions, pharmacologic therapy, and access to bariatric surgery to develop the most beneficial and equitable treatment plans Summary The reviewed studies outline disparities that exist and the impact that race/ethnicity have on disease prevalence and treatment response. Higher prevalence and reduced treatment response to lifestyle, behavior, pharmacotherapy, and surgery, are observed in racial and ethnic minorities. Increased research, diagnosis, and access to treatment in the pediatric and adult populations of racial and ethnic minorities are proposed to combat the burgeoning obesity epidemic and to prevent increasing disparity.

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Horizons in the Pharmacotherapy of Obesity

Cited by 14 publications

References 90 publications

Effects of Mogrosides on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

Effects of Mogrosides on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

Palmitoylated PrRP analog decreases body weight in DIO rats but not in ZDF rats

Racial Disparities in Obesity Treatment

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