Human activity implicated in Europe's 2003 heat wave

Khamsi, Roxanne

doi:10.1038/news041129-6

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The 2003 summer was reported to be the hottest summer since 1500 [86][87][88]. It was said that the sweltering temperatures in summer 2003 had many negative effects, causing the extra deaths of thousands of people [88]. Therefore, according to our evaluation, it is very possible that this heat wave in Europe also affected Bursa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, when the previous temperatures and heat waves were explored, it could be evaluated that the heat wave of 2003 in Europe may have caused these results. The 2003 summer was reported to be the hottest summer since 1500 [86][87][88]. It was said that the sweltering temperatures in summer 2003 had many negative effects, causing the extra deaths of thousands of people [88].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Land Cover Indices for Rapid Surface Urban Heat Island Detection from Multi-Temporal Landsat Imageries

Aslan

Koç-San

2021

IJGI

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The aims of this study were to determine surface urban heat island (SUHI) effects and to analyze the land use/land cover (LULC) and land surface temperature (LST) changes for 11 time periods from the years 2002 to 2020 using Landsat time series images. Bursa, which is the fourth largest metropolitan city in Turkey, was selected as the study area, and Landsat multi-temporal images of the summer season were used. Firstly, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) and index-based built-up index (IBI) were created using the bands of Landsat images, and LULC classes were determined by applying automatic thresholding. The LST values were calculated using thermal images and SUHI effects were determined. The results show that NDVI, SAVI, MNDWI and IBI indices can be used effectively for the determination of the urban, vegetation and water LULC classes for SUHI studies, with overall classification accuracies between 89.60% and 95.90% for the used images. According to the obtained results, generally the LST values increased for almost all land cover areas between the years 2002 and 2020. The SUHI magnitudes were computed by using two methods, and it was found that there was an important increase in the 18-year time period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Land Cover Indices for Rapid Surface Urban Heat Island Detection from Multi-Temporal Landsat Imageries

Aslan

Koç-San

2021

IJGI

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“…The urban surface and morphology results in cities being relatively warmer than the rural surroundings, a phenomenon called urban heat island (UHI). The warmer city climate can have fatal consequences such as those witnessed during the summer heatwave of 2003 in Central Europe [3]. There are different kinds of UHIs, displaying different characteristics and controlled by different assemblages of energy exchange processes.…”

Section: The Climate Of Cities and The Urban Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth Observation for Urban Climate Monitoring: Surface Cover and Land Surface Temperature

Mitraka¹,

Chrysoulakis²

2018

Multi-Purposeful Application of Geospatial Data

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The rate at which global climate change is happening is arguably the most pressing environmental challenge of the century, and it affects our cities. Climate change exerts added stress on urban areas through increased numbers of heat waves threatening people's well-being and, in many cases, human lives. Earth observation (EO) systems and the advances in remote sensing technology increase the opportunities for monitoring the thermal behavior of cities. The Sentinels constitute the first series of operational satellites for Copernicus, a program launched to provide data, information, services, and knowledge in support of Europe's goals regarding sustainable development and global governance of the environment. This chapter examines the exploitation of EO data for monitoring the urban climate, with particular focus on the urban surface cover and temperature. Two example applications are analyzed: the mapping of the urban surface and its characteristics, using EO data and the estimation of urban temperatures. Approaches, like the ones described in this chapter, can become operational once adapted to Sentinels, since their long-term operation plan guarantees the future supply of satellite observations. Thus, the described methods may support planning activities related to climate change mitigation and adaptation in cities, as well as routine urban planning activities.

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“…Stott and his collaborators used climate models to simulate what weather patterns over Europe would have been expected that summer with and without anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gasses. They found that climate pollution had more than doubled the probability of a heatwave so extreme.In a Nature news commentary published alongside the scientific paper, Khamsi (2004) presciently noted that results such as these "could make it easier for groups attempting to sue large emissions-producers for the damages caused by global warming." Climate change-related lawsuits were then a rarity; only 11 cases were filed globally in 2004, 8 of them in the U.S. (Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, 2022b; Grantham Research Institute, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a Nature news commentary published alongside the scientific paper, Khamsi (2004) presciently noted that results such as these "could make it easier for groups attempting to sue large emissions-producers for the damages caused by global warming." Climate change-related lawsuits were then a rarity; only 11 cases were filed globally in 2004, 8 of them in the U.S. (Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, 2022b; Grantham Research Institute, 2022).…”

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confidence: 99%

Research Priorities for Climate Litigation

et al. 2022

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In 2004, climate scientist Peter Stott and colleagues published a paper in Nature that for the first time quantified how much human-caused climate change increased the risk of an extreme weather event (Stott et al., 2004). In July and August of the previous year, a sweltering heatwave had settled over Western Europe. Sustained maximum temperatures of 35°-40°C contributed to more than 70,000 premature deaths across the continent (Robine et al., 2008). In France, where temperatures soared to 40°C and remained dangerously high for weeks, nearly 15,000 died. Stott and his collaborators used climate models to simulate what weather patterns over Europe would have been expected that summer with and without anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gasses. They found that climate pollution had more than doubled the probability of a heatwave so extreme.In a Nature news commentary published alongside the scientific paper, Khamsi (2004) presciently noted that results such as these "could make it easier for groups attempting to sue large emissions-producers for the damages caused by global warming." Climate change-related lawsuits were then a rarity; only 11 cases were filed globally in 2004, 8 of them in the U.S. (Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, 2022b; Grantham Research Institute, 2022). Since then, climate litigation has dramatically increased (Figure 1). Between 2016 and 2019, more than 120 cases worldwide were filed each

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Human activity implicated in Europe's 2003 heat wave

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

The Use of Land Cover Indices for Rapid Surface Urban Heat Island Detection from Multi-Temporal Landsat Imageries

The Use of Land Cover Indices for Rapid Surface Urban Heat Island Detection from Multi-Temporal Landsat Imageries

Earth Observation for Urban Climate Monitoring: Surface Cover and Land Surface Temperature

Research Priorities for Climate Litigation

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