If a coronavirus vaccine arrives, can the world make enough?

Khamsi, Roxanne

doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01063-8

Cited by 92 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…Many initiatives are underway 68 , nonetheless, those candidates have risks to overpass and are months away from licensure. Eventual licensed vaccines to protect against COVID-19 might need additional time to be accessible due to manufacturing constraints 69 . Then, it is time to learn how to perform a long "Dance" with the SARS-CoV-2 reproductive number.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from combination HIV prevention programmes to face COVID-19 emerging pandemic

Palácios

Mathias

2020

Colomb Med

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Before a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 became available, several measures to control COVID-19 pandemic are necessary. Analogously, in the absence of an available vaccine, Combination HIV Prevention Programmes have consolidated a large experience of biomedical, behavioral and structural interventions suitable for several epidemiological settings. Adaptation of such experiences can organize mid-term and long-term responses to face COVID-19

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from combination HIV prevention programmes to face COVID-19 emerging pandemic

Palácios

Mathias

2020

Colomb Med

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“…There is considerable delay caused by rigorous medical trials required before approval can be given to drugs or vaccines, and it can take 12-18 months just to develop a vaccine [ 44 ]. Even with a vaccine on the market, supply shortage will likely be an issue in the face of massive demand and limited initial production [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19: Rapid Review

Chen¹,

See²

2020

J Med Internet Res

101

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Background COVID-19 was first discovered in December 2019 and has since evolved into a pandemic. Objective To address this global health crisis, artificial intelligence (AI) has been deployed at various levels of the health care system. However, AI has both potential benefits and limitations. We therefore conducted a review of AI applications for COVID-19. Methods We performed an extensive search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases for COVID-19–related English-language studies published between December 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020. We supplemented the database search with reference list checks. A thematic analysis and narrative review of AI applications for COVID-19 was conducted. Results In total, 11 papers were included for review. AI was applied to COVID-19 in four areas: diagnosis, public health, clinical decision making, and therapeutics. We identified several limitations including insufficient data, omission of multimodal methods of AI-based assessment, delay in realization of benefits, poor internal/external validation, inability to be used by laypersons, inability to be used in resource-poor settings, presence of ethical pitfalls, and presence of legal barriers. AI could potentially be explored in four other areas: surveillance, combination with big data, operation of other core clinical services, and management of patients with COVID-19. Conclusions In view of the continuing increase in the number of cases, and given that multiple waves of infections may occur, there is a need for effective methods to help control the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its shortcomings, AI holds the potential to greatly augment existing human efforts, which may otherwise be overwhelmed by high patient numbers.

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“…Working with WHO, CEPI has developed and is "continuously maintaining an overview of the global landscape of COVID-19 vaccine development" [23]. CEPI has also estimated that many billions of dollars will be needed for the successful rapid development and manufacture of one or more vaccines [25].…”

Section: Developing a Covid-19 Vaccine In Record Timementioning

confidence: 99%

From COVID-19 research to vaccine application: why might it take 17 months not 17 years and what are the wider lessons?

Hanney

Wooding

Sussex

et al. 2020

Health Res Policy Sys

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It is often said that it takes 17 years to move medical research from bench to bedside. In a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) world, such time-lags feel intolerable. In these extraordinary circumstances could years be made into months? If so, could those lessons be used to accelerate medical research when the crisis eases? To measure time-lags in health and biomedical research as well as to identify ways of reducing them, we developed and published (in 2015) a matrix consisting of overlapping tracks (or stages/phases) in the translation from discovery research to developed products, policies and practice. The matrix aids analysis by highlighting the time and actions required to develop research (and its translation) both (1) along each track and (2) from one track to another, e.g. from the discovery track to the research-in-humans track. We noted four main approaches to reducing time-lags, namely increasing resources, working in parallel, starting or working at risk, and improving processes. Examining these approaches alongside the matrix helps interpret the enormous global effort to develop a vaccine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Rapid progress in the discovery/basic and human research tracks is being made through a combination of large-scale funding, work being conducted in parallel (between different teams globally and through working in overlapping tracks), working at greater (but proportionate) risk to safety than usual, and adopting various new processes. The overlapping work of some of the teams involves continuing animal research whilst entering vaccine candidates into Phase I trials alongside planning their Phase II trials. The additional funding available helps to reduce some of the usual financial risks in moving so quickly. Going forward through the increasingly large human trials for safety, dosage and efficacy, it will be vital to overlap work in parallel in the often challenging public policy and clinical tracks. Thus, regulatory and reimbursement bodies are beginning and preparing rapid action to pull vaccines proving to be safe and effective through to extraordinarily rapid application to the general population. Monitoring the development of a COVID-19 vaccine using the matrix (modified as necessary) could help identify which of the approaches speeding development and deployment could be usefully applied more widely in the future.

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If a coronavirus vaccine arrives, can the world make enough?

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Learning from combination HIV prevention programmes to face COVID-19 emerging pandemic

Learning from combination HIV prevention programmes to face COVID-19 emerging pandemic

Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19: Rapid Review

From COVID-19 research to vaccine application: why might it take 17 months not 17 years and what are the wider lessons?

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