Inflammation and metabolic disorders

Abstract

Metabolic and immune systems are among the most fundamental requirements for survival. Many metabolic and immune response pathways or nutrient- and pathogen-sensing systems have been evolutionarily conserved throughout species. As a result, immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and the proper function of each is dependent on the other. This interface can be viewed as a central homeostatic mechanism, dysfunction of which can lead to a cluster of chronic metabolic disorders, particularly obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Collectively, these diseases constitute the greatest current threat to global human health and welfare.

RNA-seq profiles from grass carp tissues after reovirus (GCRV) infection based on singular and modular enrichment analyses

“…From the only infection-related class (class a), all four tissues responsed to the GCRV invasion. Similar to the SEA data, the metabolismrelated terms were still the majority of all-tissue-enriched terms (Hotamisligil, 2006). GO terms from classes b, c and d were closely associated with metabolism, which suggests that during the course of hemorrhagic disease, infected fish suffer metabolic disturbances at least in the gills, intestines, liver and spleen.…”

Lipid signalling in disease

“…Lipid-derived signals, particularly eicosanoids and S1P, are important mediators of the inflammatory response. Inflammation itself, however, is a key feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes, as has become clear during the past decade 66 . Infiltration of adipose tissue by immune cells such as macrophages has recently been described in obese mice and humans 67,68 .…”

Inflammasome-driven catecholamine catabolism in macrophages blunts lipolysis during ageing

“…Macrophages drive inflammation and influence lipid homeostasis 9,10 , we therefore investigated if ATMs control fasting-induced lipolysis defect in aging. Surprisingly, unlike obesity, where macrophage numbers increase in VAT 11–13 , aged mice had reduced frequency of F4/80 + CD11b + AT macrophages (ATMs) (Fig.…”