Injury and illness definitions and data collection procedures for use in epidemiological studies in Athletics (track and field): Consensus statement

Timpka, Toomas; Alonso, Juan-Manuel; Jacobsson, Jenny; Junge, Astrid; Branco, Pedro; Clarsen, Ben; Kowalski, Jan; Mountjoy, Margo; Nilsson, Sofia; Pluim, Babette M; Renström, Per; Rønsen, Ola; Steffen, Kathrin; Édouard, Pascal

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093241

Cited by 253 publications

(330 citation statements)

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“…On average 4% of the athletes incurred a time-loss injury during an Athletic championship. The use of uniform definitions and data collection methods is of great importance to ensure comparable results and allow pooling of data sets to reach greater sample sizes 32. Injury surveillance during championships should focus on in-competition (time-loss) injuries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries in 13 international Athletics championships between 2007–2012

et al. 2014

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries in 13 international Athletics championships between 2007–2012

et al. 2014

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“…Future work should involve methods to better track overuse injuries or conditions that result in pain or functional limitations independent of TL or injury diagnosis. [16][17][18] Sex Differences Overall, female athletes had a higher injury rate than male athletes. However, this finding was not significant when restricted by TL or event type (ie, competition, practice).…”

Section: Overuse and Ntl Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's and Women's Cross-Country Injuries, 2009–2010 Through 2013–2014

Kerr

Kroshus

Grant

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Recent injury-surveillance data for collegiate-level cross-country athletes are limited.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's and women's crosscountry injuries during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from 25 men's and 22 women's cross-country programs, providing 47 and 43 seasons of data, respectively.Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate student-athletes participating in men's and women's cross-country during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years.Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury rates; injury rate ratios (RRs); injury proportions by body site, diagnosis, and apparatus; and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The Injury Surveillance Program captured 216 injuries from men's cross-country and 260 injuries from women's cross-country, leading to injury rates of 4.66/1000 athleteexposures (AEs) for men (95% CI ¼ 4.04, 5.28) and 5.85/1000 AEs for women (95% CI ¼ 5.14, 6.56). The injury rate in women's cross-country was 1.25 times that of men's cross-country (95% CI ¼ 1.05, 1.50). Most injuries affected the lower extremity (men ¼ 90.3%, women ¼ 81.9%). The hip/groin-injury rate in women (0.65/1000 AEs) was higher than that in men (0.15/1000 AEs; RR ¼ 4.32; 95% CI ¼ 1.89, 9.85). The ankle-injury rate in men (0.60/ 1000 AEs) was higher than that in women (0.29/1000 AEs; RR ¼ 2.07; 95% CI ¼ 1.07, 3.99). Common diagnoses were strains (men ¼ 19.9%, women ¼ 20.4%) and inflammation (men ¼ 18.1%, women ¼ 23.8%). The majority of injuries were classified as overuse (men ¼ 57.6%, women ¼ 53.3%).Conclusions: Consistent with prior research, injury distributions varied between male and female athletes, and the injury rate among females was higher. Understanding the epidemiology of these cross-country injuries may be important for developing appropriate preventive interventions.Key Words: injury prevention, collegiate sports, distance running Key PointsOur findings indicate a lower injury burden in men's and women's cross-country than previously reported. The injury rate in women's cross-country was 1.25 times that of men's cross-country. Most injuries affected the lower extremity and were diagnosed as strains and inflammation.

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“…Injury data from the 2014-15 season (September 2014 to June 2015), were reviewed for this group and analyzed according to criteria of injury type, site and origin, 7 and a comparison with the whole athletics squad (51 athletes of different disciplines) was stablished.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the consensus statement for injury and illness data collection in athletics, 7 studies applying only a time-loss definition can miss a large share of overuse conditions, so when incidence rates (number of injuries/1000 h exposure) were calculated in this study, both training loss and nontraining loss injuries were used. Prevalence of overuse injuries was also calculated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Indicators of Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Endurance Athletes

Martínez-Silván¹,

Díaz-Ocejo²,

Murray³

2017

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose:To analyze the influence of training exposure and the utility of self-report questionnaires on predicting overuse injuries in adolescent endurance athletes. Methods: Five adolescent male endurance athletes (15.7 ± 1.4 y) from a full-time sports academy answered 2 questionnaires (Recovery Cue; RC-q and Oslo Sports Trauma Research questionnaire; OSTRC-q) on a weekly basis for 1 season (37 wk) to detect signs of overtraining and underrecovery (RC-q) and early symptoms of lower-limb injuries (OSTRC-q). All overuse injuries were retrospectively analyzed to detect which variations in the questionnaires in the weeks preceding injury were best associated. Overuse incidence rates were calculated based on training exposure. Results: Lower-limb overuse injuries accounted for 73% of total injuries. The incidence rate for overuse training-related injuries was 10 injuries/1000 h. Strong correlations were observed between individual running exposure and overuse injury incidence (r 2 = .66), number of overuse injuries (r 2 = .69), and days lost (r 2 = .66). A change of 20% or more in the RC-q score in the preceding week was associated with 67% of the lower-limb overuse injuries. Musculoskeletal symptoms were only detected in advance by the OSTRC-q in 27% of the episodes. Conclusion: Training exposure (especially running exposure) was shown to be related to overuse injuries, suggesting that monitoring training load is a key factor for injury prevention. Worsening scores in the RC-q (but not the OSTRC) may be an indicator of overuse injury in adolescent endurance runners when used longitudinally.Keywords: injury management, endurance training, sport medicine.The ability to detect and prevent injuries early remains one of the big challenges in sport. Although some injuries may be unpredictable and therefore difficult to prevent, most of the injuries related to long-distance running have an origin in excessive loads and a history of overuse. 1 This suggests that training-load monitoring and early detection may be effective in aiding injury prevention.The literature on injury epidemiology in adolescent track and field athletes is scarce, but runners seem to account for the majority of injuries (up to 80% 2 ) with the majority of these injuries (more than two-thirds 3 ), occurring in the lower extremity and being of an overuse nature. 1 Although incidence rates in senior athletics has been reported as 3.9 injuries/1000 h of practice, 4 specific injury incidence in youth track and field varies among disciplines; whereas an overall incidence of 0.89 injuries/1000 h has been reported for high school track and field athletes, long-distance runners have showed a 19 times larger incidence (17 injuries/1000 h) 5 than disciplines. Due to the gradual onset of most overuse injuries new methods, by means of self-reported questionnaires, have been suggested for registering overuse injuries in epidemiological studies in athletics, which may currently be underestimated. 6 The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between s...

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Injury and illness definitions and data collection procedures for use in epidemiological studies in Athletics (track and field): Consensus statement

Cited by 253 publications

References 40 publications

Injuries in 13 international Athletics championships between 2007–2012

Injuries in 13 international Athletics championships between 2007–2012

Epidemiology of National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's and Women's Cross-Country Injuries, 2009–2010 Through 2013–2014

Predictive Indicators of Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Endurance Athletes

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