Mechanisms for the acute effect of fructose on postprandial lipemia

Chong, Mary Foong-Fong; Fielding, Barbara A.; Frayn, Keith N.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1511

Cited by 294 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…13 C/ 12 C ratios in [U- 13 C]palmitate were measured in the S f Ͼ400, S f 20 -400, and VLDL TG fatty acid methyl ester derivatives using a Delta Plus XP gas chromatographycombustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (Thermo Electron, Bremen, Germany) (29).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Splanchnic Fat to VLDL Triglyceride Is Greater in Insulin-Resistant Than Insulin-Sensitive Men and Women

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE-We aimed to determine differences in the postprandial contributions of different fatty acid sources to VLDL triglycerides (TGs) in healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Insulin-resistant (n ϭ 11) and insulin-sensitive (n ϭ 11) men and women (n ϭ 6) were given an intravenous infusion of [ 2 H 2 ]palmitic acid to investigate systemic nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) incorporation into VLDL TGs. Participants were also fed a mixed meal containing [U-13 C]palmitic acid to investigate the contribution of dietary fatty acids to VLDL TG production. Blood samples were taken over the following 6 h. Separation of VLDL was performed by density gradient ultracentrifugation and immunoaffinity techniques specific to apolipoprotein B-100. RESULTS-Insulin

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Splanchnic Fat to VLDL Triglyceride Is Greater in Insulin-Resistant Than Insulin-Sensitive Men and Women

et al. 2007

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“…Fractional DNL correlates with raised VLDL-TAG secretion rates and raised plasma TAG levels (31) . Fructose has a greater effect than glucose on DNL, plasma lipid levels and hepatic steatosis (32)(33)(34) . Fructose increases DNL more strongly and more rapidly (within hours) than glucose when administered acutely (18,25) .…”

Section: Proceedings Of the Nutrition Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary carbohydrate and control of hepatic gene expression: mechanistic links from ATP and phosphate ester homeostasis to the carbohydrate-response element-binding protein

Agius

2015

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated with elevated hepatic glucose production and fatty acid synthesis (de novolipogenesis (DNL)). High carbohydrate diets also increase hepatic glucose production and lipogenesis. The carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP, encoded byMLXIPL) is a transcription factor with a major role in the hepatic response to excess dietary carbohydrate. Because its target genes include pyruvate kinase (PKLR) and enzymes of lipogenesis, it is regarded as a key regulator for conversion of dietary carbohydrate to lipid for energy storage. An alternative hypothesis for ChREBP function is to maintain hepatic ATP homeostasis by restraining the elevation of phosphate ester intermediates in response to elevated glucose. This is supported by the following evidence: (i) A key stimulus for ChREBP activation and induction of its target genes is elevation of phosphate esters; (ii) target genes of ChREBP include key negative regulators of the hexose phosphate ester pool (GCKR,G6PC,SLC37A4) and triose phosphate pool (PKLR); (iii) ChREBP knock-down models have elevated hepatic hexose phosphates and triose phosphates and compromised ATP phosphorylation potential; (iv) gene defects inG6PCandSLC37A4and common variants ofMLXIPL,GCKRandPKLRin man are associated with elevated hepatic uric acid production (a marker of ATP depletion) or raised plasma uric acid levels. It is proposed that compromised hepatic phosphate homeostasis is a contributing factor to the elevated hepatic glucose production and lipogenesis that associate with type 2 diabetes, NAFLD and excess carbohydrate in the diet.

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“…There is ample evidence that increasing the fructose content of the diet increases plasma triglycerides, through several mechanisms, among which are a stimulation of hepatic de novo lipogenesis [26], and a decreased VLDL-triacylglycerol clearance [27]. Based on animal experiments, an increased VLDL-triacylglycerol secretion is also likely to be involved [28].…”

Section: What Are the Mechanisms Responsible For Fructose-induced Metmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose and metabolic diseases: New findings, new questions

et al. 2010

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There has been much concern regarding the role of dietary fructose in the development of metabolic diseases. This concern arises from the continuous increase in fructose (and total added caloric sweeteners consumption) in recent decades, and from the increased use of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a sweetener. A large body of evidence shows that a high-fructose diet leads to the development of obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in rodents. In humans, fructose has long been known to increase plasma triglyceride concentrations. In addition, when ingested in large amounts as part of a hypercaloric diet, it can cause hepatic insulin resistance, increased total and visceral fat mass, and accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver and skeletal muscle. These early effects may be instrumental in causing, in the long run, the development of the metabolic syndrome. There is however only limited evidence that fructose per se, when consumed in moderate amounts, has deleterious effects. Several effects of a high-fructose diet in humans can be observed with high-fat or high-glucose diets as well, suggesting that an excess caloric intake may be the main factor involved in the development of the metabolic syndrome. The major source of fructose in our diet is with sweetened beverages (and with other products in which caloric sweeteners have been added). The progressive replacement of sucrose by HFCS is however unlikely to be directly involved in the epidemy of metabolic disease, because HFCS appears to have basically the same metabolic effects as sucrose. Consumption of sweetened beverages is however clearly associated with excess calorie intake, and an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases through an increase in body weight. This has led to the recommendation to limit the daily intake of sugar calories.Pure, white, and deadly: the dark side of sugar was suspected many years ago, when an association between sugar consumption and coronary heart diseases was recognized and emphasized by John Yudkin [1]. Sugar, a natural sweetener obtained from either sugar cane or beets, is a disaccharide composed of one glucose molecule linked through an α1-4 glycoside bond to a fructose molecule. Fructose, besides contributing to half the total content of sugar, can also be found as a hexose in fruits and honey. More recently, sweeteners started to be produced from corn through starch isolation and hydrolysis to glucose, followed by enzymatic isomerization of part of the glucose into fructose [2,3]. The resulting mixture, known as high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), has several industrial advantages over sugar, the most important being its low price, and has progressively replaced sugar consumption in North America over the past 30 years.Fructose metabolism has been reviewed extensively elsewhere [4][5][6] and will be only briefly outlined here. In the gut, fructose is transported by specific transporters, GLUT5 [7,8]. In some subjects, fructose absorption is quantitatively limited, and some malabsorption occurs when lar...

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Mechanisms for the acute effect of fructose on postprandial lipemia

Cited by 294 publications

References 45 publications

The Contribution of Splanchnic Fat to VLDL Triglyceride Is Greater in Insulin-Resistant Than Insulin-Sensitive Men and Women

The Contribution of Splanchnic Fat to VLDL Triglyceride Is Greater in Insulin-Resistant Than Insulin-Sensitive Men and Women

Dietary carbohydrate and control of hepatic gene expression: mechanistic links from ATP and phosphate ester homeostasis to the carbohydrate-response element-binding protein

Fructose and metabolic diseases: New findings, new questions

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