Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Insights into the Emerging Role of Nutritional Strategies

McArdle, Maeve A.; Finucane, Orla M.; Connaughton, Ruth M.; McMorrow, Aoibheann M; Roche, Helen M.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00052

Cited by 418 publications

(336 citation statements)

References 355 publications

(408 reference statements)

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“…It is well known that reduced adiposity could contribute to the preservation of insulin sensitivity because the adipose tissue has a considerable influence on systemic glucose homeostasis through secretion of adipocytokines (McArdle et al 2013). Interestingly, Glp2r mRNA expression has been detected in mouse mesenteric adipose tissue (El-Jamal et al 2014); however, its functional significance is still unknown.…”

Section: Mechanistic Insightmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLP2: an underestimated signal for improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity

Amato¹,

Baldassano²,

Mulè³

2016

Journal of Endocrinology

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Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP2) is a proglucagon-derived peptide produced by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and by a discrete population of neurons in the brainstem, which projects mainly to the hypothalamus. The main biological actions of GLP2 are related to the regulation of energy absorption and maintenance of mucosal morphology, function and integrity of the intestine; however, recent experimental data suggest that GLP2 exerts beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, especially in conditions related to increased uptake of energy, such as obesity, at least in the animal model. Indeed, mice lacking GLP2 receptor selectively in hypothalamic neurons that express proopiomelanocortin show impaired postprandial glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin resistance (by increased gluconeogenesis). Moreover, GLP2 acts as a beneficial factor for glucose metabolism in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Thus, the aim of this review is to update and summarize current knowledge about the role of GLP2 in the control of glucose homeostasis and to discuss how this molecule could exert protective effects against the onset of related obesity type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Mechanistic Insightmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLP2: an underestimated signal for improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity

Amato¹,

Baldassano²,

Mulè³

2016

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…As a result, macrophages, T-cells and dendritic cells are recruited to VAT via various signals, including chemokines synthesised by adipocytes (87)(88)(89) . This favours a pro-inflammatory insulindesensitising milieu, contributing to local and systemic IR (90) . Importantly, many of these pro-inflammatory mediators initially identified in adults have also been confirmed in the circulation of obese children, including elevated leptin, IL-6, C-reactive protein, TNFα, fibrinogen and vascular adhesion molecules (91)(92)(93)(94) .…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue dysregulation and metabolic consequences in childhood and adolescent obesity: potential impact of dietary fat quality

et al. 2014

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Evidence suggests that at a population level, childhood and adolescent obesity increase the long-term risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and CVD. At an individual level, however, the metabolic consequences of obesity in youth vary immensely. Despite comparable BMI, some adolescents develop impaired glucose tolerance while others maintain normal glucose homeostasis. It has been proposed that the variation in the capacity to store lipid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) may partially discriminate metabolically healthy from unhealthy obesity. In positive energy balance, a decreased capacity to expand SAT may drive lipid accumulation to visceral adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle. This state of lipotoxicity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. The present review examines the differential adipose tissue development and function in children and adolescents who exhibit metabolic dysregulation compared with those who are protected. Additionally, the role of manipulating dietary fat quality to potentially prevent and treat metabolic dysfunction in obesity will be discussed. The findings of the present review highlight the need for further randomised controlled trials to establish the effect of dietary n-3 PUFA on the metabolic phenotype of obese children and adolescents. Furthermore, using a personalised nutrition approach to target interventions to those at risk of, or those with established metabolic dysregulation may optimise the efficacy of modifying dietary fat quality.

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“…Tanto a obesidade como o diabetes estão associados a hiperglicemia e resistência à insulina; altas concentrações de lipídios nos tecidos; produção endotelial de espécies reativas 20 de oxigênio; defesas antioxidantes inadequadas e inflamação crônica (LAY et al, 2014;MCARDLE et al, 2013;VAN GREEVENBROEK;SCHALKWIJK;STEHOUWER, 2013).…”

Section: Efeito Dos Compostos Fenólicos Do Cupuaçu No Desenvolvimentounclassified

“…Isso promove a secreção de proteínas quimiotáticas para monócitos (MCP-1) e de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, ocasionando então a infiltração de células do sistema imune como monócitos, que em seguida diferenciam-se em macrófagos. A expansão dos adipócitos também diminuí o número de células T regulatórias e aumenta o número de células TH1, que por sua vez levam à polarização de macrófagos do tipo M2 "alternativamente ativados" para um fenótipo pró-inflamatório chamado de "classicamente ativados" ou M1, aumentando assim a secreção de citocinas inflamatórias como TNF-α, IL-1b e IL-6 (PATEL, BURAS, BALASUBRAMANYAM, 2013;MCARDLE et al, 2013).…”

Section: Obesidade Associada Ao Diabetes Tipounclassified

“…O tecido adiposo humano é um tecido bem vascularizado e inervado, que além dos adipócitos (células mais abundantes), é composto por uma fração de células estromais, constituída por pré-adipocitos, células endoteliais e numerosas células do sistema imunológico incluindo macrófagos, células T e células dendríticas (ITOH et al, 2011;MCARDLE et al, 2013). Antes considerado apenas como órgão de armazenamento de energia, atualmente é reconhecido como órgão multifuncional, produtor e secretor de inúmeros peptídeos e proteínas bioativas (adipocinas), e mantém intensa comunicação com os demais órgãos e sistemas orgânicos.…”

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Efeito dos compostos fenólicos do camu-camu e do cupuaçu no desenvolvimento da obesidade e diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Barros¹

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Efeito dos compostos fenólicos do camu-camu e do cupuaçu no desenvolvimento da obesidade e diabetes mellitus tipo 2Ao meu marido Edgard, por seu amor, sua compressão e seu apoio em todas as fases deste trabalho. Você foi a pessoa que mais acreditou desde o começo, e seu incentivo foi fundamental! Obrigada por mudar sua vida para poder realizar um sonho meu! Aos meus pais Marina e Luiz Carlos e à minha irmã e amiga Marta pelo carinho, apoio incondicional e por sempre demonstrarem orgulho desta jornada.À minha querida prima e amiga Camila e ao meu irmão Roberto, mesmo que distantes fisicamente, por me tranquilizarem nos momentos difíceis e por me inspiraram como pesquisadores.Aos meus colegas de laboratório e amigos queridos: Alice, Carlos, Ciça, Daniel, Diully, Flavinha, Gabi Cunha, Gabi Pedrosa, Helô, Luana, Marcela, Marcio, Renata e Taty pela companhia, amizade e troca de conhecimentos, obrigada a todos vocês! À Fernanda Santana, por sua amizade e ajuda com as análises de lipídeos.À Beatriz Mendonça, "minha filhinha" querida, pela participação na parte experimental, sempre com comprometimento e alegria.À Joana, por nos ajudar a manter o "antigo" laboratório em ordem. The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes reached epidemic proportions in recent years, arriving to billions of people around the world. The discovery of innovative ways that can reduce the metabolic abnormalities associated with these diseases is essential to minimize its impact on the population's quality of life and the economy of the countries. Many studies have demonstrated that food bioactive compounds have beneficial health effects. Camu-camu and cupuassu are native fruits of the Amazon region with unexplored agroeconomic potential, which contain a large number of phytochemical compounds that can act on body metabolism.Thus, the objective of this study was verify the effects of phenolic compounds of camu-camu and cupuassu extracts on the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in vivo and in vitro, and identfy the possible metabolites involved in these effects. The phenolic compound-rich extracts were obtained from commercial frozen fruit pulps by solid phase extraction, characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) and evaluated for inhibition of digestive enzymes activities in vitro. Then, the extracts were tested at two different doses (2.25 and 4.5 mg catechin equivalents/kg body weight for cupuassu; 7 and 14 mg of gallic acid equivalents/kg body weight for camu camu) in an animal model (C57BL/6J mice) of obesity and insulin resistance induced by high fat high sucrose diet. The effects of extract supplementation on glucose and lipid homeostasis were assessed by serum analysis, insulin and glucose tolerance tests in mice, and contents of fat in liver and fecal samples.Camu camu extract presented flavonols, ellagic acid and ellagitannins in its composition.Supplementation with camu camu phenolic extract reduced weight gain and decreased glucose and insulin intolerance independent of the dose administered. However...

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Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Insights into the Emerging Role of Nutritional Strategies

Cited by 418 publications

References 355 publications

GLP2: an underestimated signal for improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity

GLP2: an underestimated signal for improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity

Adipose tissue dysregulation and metabolic consequences in childhood and adolescent obesity: potential impact of dietary fat quality

Efeito dos compostos fenólicos do camu-camu e do cupuaçu no desenvolvimento da obesidade e diabetes mellitus tipo 2

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