Metabolomics and lipidomics in NAFLD: biomarkers and non-invasive diagnostic tests

Masoodi, Mojgan; Gastaldelli, Amalia; Hyötyläinen, Tuulia; Arretxe, Enara; Alonso, Cristina; Gaggini, Melania; Brosnan, Julia; Anstee, Quentin M.; Millet, Óscar; Ortiz, Pablo; Mato, José M.; Dufour, Jean‐François; Orešič, Matej

doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00502-9

Cited by 209 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…Hepatic steatosis is characterised by a disruption in the balance between TG production and accumulation in the liver; therefore, lipidomics is recognised as a major subfield of metabolomics, and it refers to the comprehensive investigation of cellular lipids [ 282 ]. Lipidomics studies have offered a considerable benefit in improving the understanding of metabolic pathways that contribute to NAFLD and NASH [ 282 ].…”

Section: Omics-related Diagnostic Research Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary structural component of complex lipids is fatty acids, which are introduced through diet (15%), released during lipolysis by the adipose tissue (60%) or synthesised in the liver through de novo lipogenesis (25%) [ 282 , 283 ]. Studies have shown that patients with NAFLD demonstrate the altered fatty acid composition of lipids with an increase in total saturated fatty acids (SFA) [ 283 , 284 ].…”

Section: Omics-related Diagnostic Research Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic Modalities of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Biochemical Biomarkers to Multi-Omics Non-Invasive Approaches

et al. 2022

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing globally. NAFLD is a multifaceted disorder, and its spectrum includes steatosis to steatohepatitis, which may evolve to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. In addition, the presence of NAFLD is independently associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk and increased mortality rates. Considering that the vast majority of individuals with NAFLD are mainly asymptomatic, early diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and accurate staging of fibrosis risk is crucial for better stratification, monitoring and targeted management of patients at risk. To date, liver biopsy remains the gold standard procedure for the diagnosis of NASH and staging of NAFLD. However, due to its invasive nature, research on non-invasive tests is rapidly increasing with significant advances having been achieved during the last decades in the diagnostic field. New promising non-invasive biomarkers and techniques have been developed, evaluated and assessed, including biochemical markers, imaging modalities and the most recent multi-omics approaches. Our article provides a comprehensive review of the currently available and emerging non-invasive diagnostic tools used in assessing NAFLD, also highlighting the importance of accurate and validated diagnostic tools.

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Section: Omics-related Diagnostic Research Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Omics-related Diagnostic Research Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Modalities of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Biochemical Biomarkers to Multi-Omics Non-Invasive Approaches

et al. 2022

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“…Another potential area for developing a diagnostic tool for NAFLD and NASH is the metabolomics of NAFLD. Metabolomics is a study of all metabolites, the small molecules, intermediates, and products of cell metabolism [ 211 , 212 ]. A recent systematic review of 11 studies showed that half of these studies reported higher levels of circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine in NAFLD [ 211 ].…”

Section: Alternative Diagnostic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Pathogenesis and Noninvasive Diagnosis

et al. 2021

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The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), as it is now known, has gradually increased. NAFLD is a disease with a spectrum of stages ranging from simple fatty liver (steatosis) to a severe form of steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which could progress to irreversible liver injury (fibrosis) and organ failure, and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although a liver biopsy remains the gold standard for accurate detection of this condition, it is unsuitable for clinical screening due to a higher risk of death. There is thus an increased need to find alternative techniques or tools for accurate diagnosis. Early detection for NASH matters for patients because NASH is the marker for severe disease progression. This review summarizes the current noninvasive tools for NAFLD diagnosis and their performance. We also discussed potential and newer alternative tools for diagnosing NAFLD.

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“…We also analyzed changes in groups of metabolites known to be associated to metabolic diseases ( 21 ) such as branched chain amino acids (BCAA = leucine, valine, isoleucine), aromatic amino acids (AAA = phenylalanine + tyrosine + tryptophan), GSG index [calculated from amino acids involved in oxidative stress and the synthesis of glutathione, Glutamate/(Serine+Glycine)], a marker of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ( 22 ) and saturated fatty acids (Palmitic acid + Stearic acid) at study start and at follow-up.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Changes After Metabolic Surgery – Associations to Parameters Reflecting Glucose Homeostasis and Lipid Levels

et al. 2021

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AimsTo test the hypothesis that adipose tissue gene expression patterns would be affected by metabolic surgery and we aimed to identify genes and metabolic pathways as well as metabolites correlating with metabolic changes following metabolic surgery.Materials and MethodsThis observational study was conducted at the Obesity Unit at the Catholic University Hospital of the Sacred Heart in Rome, Italy. Fifteen patients, of which six patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and nine patients underwent biliopancreatic diversion, were included. The participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Small polar metabolites were analyzed with a two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). Gene expression analysis of genes related to metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids were analyzed in subcutaneous adipose tissue. All procedures were performed at study start and at follow-up (after 185.3 ± 72.9 days).ResultsTwelve metabolites were significantly changed after metabolic surgery. Six metabolites were identified as 3-indoleacetic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, valine, glutamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid and alpha-tocopherol. The branched chain amino acids displayed a significant decrease together with a decrease in BCAT1 adipose tissue mRNA levels. Changes in the identified metabolites were associated to changes in lipid, insulin and glucose levels.ConclusionsOur study has identified metabolites and metabolic pathways that are altered by metabolic surgery and may be used as biomarkers for metabolic improvement.

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Metabolomics and lipidomics in NAFLD: biomarkers and non-invasive diagnostic tests

Cited by 209 publications

References 181 publications

Diagnostic Modalities of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Biochemical Biomarkers to Multi-Omics Non-Invasive Approaches

Diagnostic Modalities of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Biochemical Biomarkers to Multi-Omics Non-Invasive Approaches

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Pathogenesis and Noninvasive Diagnosis

Metabolite Changes After Metabolic Surgery – Associations to Parameters Reflecting Glucose Homeostasis and Lipid Levels

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