Microbial diversity of cellulose hydrolysis

Wilson, David B.

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.04.004

Cited by 308 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 159 publications

(232 reference statements)

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“…However, despite the accumulated body of information, there is still an incomplete understanding of the functioning and ecology of the rumen microbiome and its behaviour cannot yet be accurately predicted. For instance, the complete mechanism of plant polysaccharide degradation, the quintessential rumen function, is not yet elucidated (Morrison et al, 2009;Wilson, 2011). Most of the work on fibre degradation in the rumen is based on three cultivable bacteria: Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens.…”

Section: The Ruminant Superorganismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen microbial (meta)genomics and its application to ruminant production

Morgavi

Kelly

Janssen

et al. 2013

Animal

195

160

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Meat and milk produced by ruminants are important agricultural products and are major sources of protein for humans. Ruminant production is of considerable economic value and underpins food security in many regions of the world. However, the sector faces major challenges because of diminishing natural resources and ensuing increases in production costs, and also because of the increased awareness of the environmental impact of farming ruminants. The digestion of feed and the production of enteric methane are key functions that could be manipulated by having a thorough understanding of the rumen microbiome. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics are transforming our understanding of complex microbial ecosystems, including the gastrointestinal tract of mammals. The application of these techniques to the rumen ecosystem has allowed the study of the microbial diversity under different dietary and production conditions. Furthermore, the sequencing of genomes from several cultured rumen bacterial and archaeal species is providing detailed information about their physiology. More recently, metagenomics, mainly aimed at understanding the enzymatic machinery involved in the degradation of plant structural polysaccharides, is starting to produce new insights by allowing access to the total community and sidestepping the limitations imposed by cultivation. These advances highlight the promise of these approaches for characterising the rumen microbial community structure and linking this with the functions of the rumen microbiota. Initial results using high-throughput culture-independent technologies have also shown that the rumen microbiome is far more complex and diverse than the human caecum. Therefore, cataloguing its genes will require a considerable sequencing and bioinformatic effort. Nevertheless, the construction of a rumen microbial gene catalogue through metagenomics and genomic sequencing of key populations is an attainable goal. A rumen microbial gene catalogue is necessary to understand the function of the microbiome and its interaction with the host animal and feeds, and it will provide a basis for integrative microbiome–host models and inform strategies promoting less-polluting, more robust and efficient ruminants.

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Section: The Ruminant Superorganismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen microbial (meta)genomics and its application to ruminant production

Morgavi

Kelly

Janssen

et al. 2013

Animal

195

160

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“…Abundant availability of lignocellulosic waste materials from agricultural residues such as rice straw shows promise for use as feedstock for bioethanol production. [12,13].Current fermentation uses yeast, however for this work microbe from vermiwash was adopted. Vermiwash is a liquid extract of vermicomposting process whereby waster is release by microorganism during organic matter decomposition and it contains soluble nutrients and microbial consortium [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of a Photovoltaic-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Power System in Nigeria

Okundamiya¹,

Omorogiuwa²

2015

IJEE

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Rice straw is abundant in the world and the waste management became a global issue. In this paper, vermiwash is used for rice straw hydrolysis and then followed fermentation to produce bioethanol. This study involves the optimization of factors involved in bioethanol production and also microbiological study of the vermiwash. The hydrolysis of rice straw by vermiwash presents the highest reducing sugar yield of 18.70mg mL -1 and highest enzymatic activity of 0.151 IU mL -1 . Formation of clear zones indicates presence of cellulolytic microorganism. The highest bioethanol yield obtained was 0.0896mg mL -1 . The obtained result from ANOVA indicated that the significant factors were biomass loading and vermiwash ratio with P-value <0.05. In conclusion, it was found that the microbial consortiums in the vermiwashwere able to degrade rice straw and to convert the

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“…These naturally existing biomass degraders have attracted great interest by the scientific community due to their ability to convert complex lignocellulosic biomass into smaller molecules; and microbial enzymes from the cow rumen have been suggested for optimizing current industrial processes that produce lignocellulosic biofuels [4]. A major challenge in studying the microbial community ("the microbiome") of the cow rumen and its biomass-degrading enzymatic machinery is the scarcity of appropriate isolation and cultivation techniques to obtain axenic cultures from environmental samples [5]. The consequential paucity of biomass-degrading isolates limits our ability to study the enzymatic machinery that underlies their economically important phenotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Method for Isolation of Microbial RNA from Biofuel Feedstock for Metatranscriptomics

Piao¹,

Markillie²,

Culley³

et al. 2013

AiM

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Metatranscriptomics-gene express profiling via DNA sequencing-is a powerful tool to identify genes that are actively expressed and might contribute to the phenotype of individual organisms or the phenome (the sum of several phenotypes) of a microbial community. Furthermore, metatranscriptome studies can result in extensive catalogues of genes that encode for enzymes of industrial relevance. In both cases, a major challenge for generating a high quality metatranscriptome is the extreme lability of RNA and its susceptibility to ubiquitous RNAses. The microbial community (the microbiome) of the cow rumen efficiently degrades lignocelullosic biomass, generates significant amounts of methane, a greenhouse gas twenty times more potent than carbon dioxide, and is of general importance for the physiological wellbeing of the host animal. Metatranscriptomes of the rumen microbiome from animals kept under different conditions and from various types of rumen-incubated biomass can be expected to provide new insights into these highly interesting phenotypes and subsequently provide the framework for an enhanced understanding of this socioeconomically important ecosystem. The ability to isolate large amounts of intact RNA will significantly facilitate accurate transcript annotation and expression profiling. Here we report a method that combines mechanical disruption with chemical homogenization of the sample material and consistently yields 1 mg of intact RNA from 1 g of rumen-incubated biofuel feedstock. The yield of total RNA obtained with our method exceeds the RNA yield achieved with previously reported isolation techniques, which renders RNA isolated with the method presented here as an ideal starting material for metatranscriptomic analyses and other molecular biology applications that require significant amounts of starting material.

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Microbial diversity of cellulose hydrolysis

Cited by 308 publications

References 159 publications

Rumen microbial (meta)genomics and its application to ruminant production

Rumen microbial (meta)genomics and its application to ruminant production

Viability of a Photovoltaic-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Power System in Nigeria

Improved Method for Isolation of Microbial RNA from Biofuel Feedstock for Metatranscriptomics

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