More Money, Fewer Lives: The Cost Effectiveness of Welfare Reform in the United States

Caleyachetty, Rishi; Rosen, Zohn; Korotzer, Andrew

doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302235

Cited by 15 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation (now known as MDRC) conducted the main evaluation (CJF 2002). However, two further groups of researchers analysed additional independent samples from the same study: Yale University (CJF Yale 2001) and the Growing Up in Poverty project at the University of California at Berkeley (CJF GUP 2000). They selected samples on the basis of the focal child's age that were mutually exclusive, as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They selected samples on the basis of the focal child's age that were mutually exclusive, as shown in Figure 2. For ease of description throughout the review, we allocated a separate study ID for each (CJF Yale 2001 and CJF GUP 2000, respectively) and created separate 'Characteristics of studies' tables.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MDRC was directly responsible for the evaluation of Connecticut Jobs First (CJF 2002), New Hope (New Hope 1999), the National Evaluation of Welfare to Work Strategies (NEWWS 2001), the Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP 2000), California's Greater Avenues for Independence (California GAIN 1994), and the Family Transition Program (FTP 2000). MDRC also collaborated closely with its sister organisation, the Social Research and Demonstration Corporation (SRDC), on the Canadian Self-Sufficiency Program (SSP Applicants 2003; SSP Recipients 2002), and with the UK Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) on the UK Employment Retention and Advancement demonstration (UK ERA 2011). Mathematica Policy Research evaluated the Iowa Family Investment Program (IFIP 2002), and Abt Associates conducted the Indiana Welfare Reform Evaluation (IWRE 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 12 included studies, 8 took place in the USA (CJF 2002; California GAIN 1994; FTP 2000; IFIP 2002; IWRE 2002; MFIP 2000; New Hope 1999; NEWWS 2001), 3 in Canada (Ontario 2001; SSP Applicants 2003; SSP Recipients 2002) and 1 in the UK (UK ERA 2011). Most evaluations began between 1991 and 1996.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare-to-work interventions and their effects on the mental and physical health of lone parents and their children

Gibson

Thomson

Banas

et al. 2018

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Lone parents in high‐income countries have high rates of poverty (including in‐work poverty) and poor health. Employment requirements for these parents are increasingly common. 'Welfare‐to‐work' (WtW) interventions involving financial sanctions and incentives, training, childcare subsidies and lifetime limits on benefit receipt have been used to support or mandate employment among lone parents. These and other interventions that affect employment and income may also affect people's health, and it is important to understand the available evidence on these effects in lone parents. Objectives To assess the effects of WtW interventions on mental and physical health in lone parents and their children living in high‐income countries. The secondary objective is to assess the effects of welfare‐to‐work interventions on employment and income. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, PsycINFO EBSCO, ERIC EBSCO, SocINDEX EBSCO, CINAHL EBSCO, Econlit EBSCO, Web of Science ISI, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) via Proquest, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) via ProQuest, Social Services Abstracts via Proquest, Sociological Abstracts via Proquest, Campbell Library, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) (CRD York), Turning Research into Practice (TRIP), OpenGrey and Planex. We also searched bibliographies of included publications and relevant reviews, in addition to many relevant websites. We identified many included publications by handsearching. We performed the searches in 2011, 2013 and April 2016. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of mandatory or voluntary WtW interventions for lone parents in high‐income countries, reporting impacts on parental mental health, parental physical health, child mental health or child physical health. Data collection and analysis One review author extracted data using a standardised extraction form, and another checked them. Two authors independently assessed risk of bias and the quality of the evidence. We contacted study authors to obtain measures of variance and conducted meta‐analyses where possible. We synthesised data at three time points: 18 to 24 months (T1), 25 to 48 months (T2) and 49 to 72 months (T3). Main results Twelve studies involving 27,482 participants met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were either mandatory or voluntary and included up to 10 discrete components in varying combinations. All but one study took place in North America. Although we searched for parental health outcomes, the vast majority of the sample in all included studies were female. Therefore, we describe adult health outcomes as 'maternal' throughout the results section. We downgraded the quality of all evidence at least one level because outcome assessors were not blinde...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare-to-work interventions and their effects on the mental and physical health of lone parents and their children

Gibson

Thomson

Banas

et al. 2018

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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show abstract

“…For example, the synthetic control analysis identified a 10.7 percentage point decrease in the probability of having access to medical care compared to the difference-in-difference estimate of 2.4 mentioned above. Using a Markov model, Muennig and colleagues evaluated both the cost and health impact of AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children) and its replacement, TANF (Muennig, Caleyachetty, Rosen, & Korotzer, 2015). The authors applied estimated pooled mortality hazard ratios from two randomized controlled trials conducted with participants from Connecticut Jobs First and the Florida Transition Program and found that AFDC is costlier than TANF, but would bring an additional 0.44 years of life.…”

Section: Effects Of Economic Security Policies On Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Economic Security Policies and Child and Family Health

Spencer

Komro

2017

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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In this review we examine the effects of family economic security policies (i.e., minimum wage, Earned Income Tax Credit, unemployment insurance, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) on child and family health outcomes, summarize policy generosity across states in the U.S., and discuss directions and possibilities for future research. This manuscript is an update to a review article that was published in 2014. Millions of Americans are affected by family economic security policies each year, many of whom are the most vulnerable in society. There is increasing evidence that these policies impact health outcomes and behaviors of adults and children. Further, research indicates that, overall, policies which are more restrictive are associated with poorer health behaviors and outcomes; however, the strength of the evidence differs across each of the four policies. There is significant diversity in state-level policies and it is plausible that these policy variations are contributing to health disparities across and within states. Despite increasing evidence of the relationship between economic policies and health, there continues to be limited attention to this issue. State policy variations offer a valuable opportunity for scientists to conduct natural experiments and contribute to evidence linking social policy effects to family and child wellbeing. The mounting evidence will help to guide future research and policy making for evolving toward a more nurturing society for family and child health and wellbeing.

show abstract

Welfare-to-work interventions and their effects on the mental and physical health of lone parents and their children

Gibson

Thomson

Banas

et al. 2017

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

More Money, Fewer Lives: The Cost Effectiveness of Welfare Reform in the United States

Abstract: AFDC may provide more value as a health investment than TANF. Additional attention given to the neediest US families denied cash assistance could improve the value of TANF.

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Welfare-to-work interventions and their effects on the mental and physical health of lone parents and their children

Welfare-to-work interventions and their effects on the mental and physical health of lone parents and their children

Family Economic Security Policies and Child and Family Health

Welfare-to-work interventions and their effects on the mental and physical health of lone parents and their children

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