Neural mechanisms underlying food motivation in children and adolescents

Holsen, Laura M.; Zarcone, Jennifer R.; Thompson, Travis; Brooks, William M.; Anderson, Mary F.; Ahluwalia, Jasjit S.; Nollen, Nicole L.; Savage, Cary R.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.04.043

Cited by 135 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…One fMRI study examined brain activations in HW youth and found that brain activation in the insula, amygdala and the medial frontal cortex and OFC in response to appetizing food images was greater when hungry than when satiated. 20 These are similar to patterns found in adults. Another study compared adolescent and adult brain activation to food images and corroborated earlier results finding brain activation in the OFC and hippocampus.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…10,20,23,24 The participants viewed pictures of food, animals and Gaussian-blurred control images during two scanning sessions: one after fasting for 4 h (pre-meal) and one immediately after eating a uniform meal (post-meal) standardized for calories (kcal ¼ 500) and macro-and micronutrient content. The meal was typical lunch food consisting of a weighed turkey or ham sandwich with cheese, a piece of fruit, one vegetable and skimmed milk.…”

Section: Experimental Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study examined brain activation in response to food images and compared the same across hunger states and weight category using previously published methods. 10,20,23,24 We hypothesized increased activity in the limbic, paralimbic and prefrontal brain regions in obese vs HW children in both pre-and post-meal states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control

et al. 2010

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Objective: To investigate the neural mechanisms of food motivation in children and adolescents, and examine brain activation differences between healthy weight (HW) and obese participants. Subjects: Ten HW children (ages 11-16; BMI o 85%ile) and 10 obese children (ages 10-17; BMI 495%ile) matched for age, gender and years of education. Measurements: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were conducted twice: when participants were hungry (pre-meal) and immediately after a standardized meal (post-meal). During the fMRI scans, the participants passively viewed blocked images of food, non-food (animals) and blurred baseline control. Results: Both groups of children showed brain activation to food images in the limbic and paralimbic regions (PFC/OFC). The obese group showed significantly greater activation to food pictures in the PFC (pre-meal) and OFC (post-meal) than the HW group. In addition, the obese group showed less post-meal reduction of activation (vs pre-meal) in the PFC, limbic and the reward-processing regions, including the nucleus accumbens. Conclusion: Limbic and paralimbic activation in high food motivation states was noted in both groups of participants. However, obese children were hyper-responsive to food stimuli as compared with HW children. In addition, unlike HW children, brain activations in response to food stimuli in obese children failed to diminish significantly after eating. This study provides initial evidence that obesity, even among children, is associated with abnormalities in neural networks involved in food motivation, and that the origins of neural circuitry dysfunction associated with obesity may begin early in life.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Experimental Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control

et al. 2010

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“…103 Critical sites for weight gain are located in the amygdala; minor lesions centered on the posterodorsal region of the medial amygdala result in excessive weight gains in rats. 104 Functional magnetic resonance scanning has shown increased activation of visual food stimuli in the amygdala 105 in obese individuals.…”

Section: Future Perspectives and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaching the shared biology of obesity and depression: the stress axis as the locus of gene–environment interactions

et al. 2006

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Obesity and depression are serious public health problems and also constitute cardiovascular disease risk factors. Research organizations have called for efforts to explore the interrelationship between obesity and depression. A useful starting point is the fact that in both disorders there is dysregulation of stress systems. We review molecular and clinical evidence indicating that the mediators of the stress response are a key locus for geneenvironment interactions in the shared biology of depression and obesity. Scientific milestones include translational paradigms such as mice knockouts, imaging and pharmacogenomic approaches that can identify new therapeutic strategies for those burdened by these two afflictions of contemporary civilization. Perspectives for the future are promising. Our ability to dissect the underpinnings of common and complex diseases with shared substrates will be greatly enhanced by the Genes and Environment Initiative, the emerging Large Scale Studies of Genes and Environment in Common Disease, and the UK Biobank Project.

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“…Within the basal ganglia, the caudate and putamen are both regions involved in the evaluation of reward and they show opposing activation in states of hunger and satiety (Holsen et al., 2005; Pelchat et al., 2004). The putamen, in particular, is implicated in Pavlovian conditioning (O'Doherty et al., 2004) and it has been postulated by Davids et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary fMRI findings concerning the influence of 5‐HTP on food selection

Ioannou

Williams

2016

Brain and Behavior

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ObjectiveThis functional magnetic resonance imaging study was designed to observe how physiological brain states can alter food preferences. A primary goal was to observe food‐sensitive regions and moreover examine whether 5‐HTP intake would activate areas which have been associated with appetite suppression, anorexia, satiety, and weight loss.Methods and ProcedureFourteen healthy male and female participants took part in the study, of which half of them received the supplement 5‐HTP and the rest vitamin C (control) on an empty stomach. During the scanning session, they passively observed food (high calories, proteins, carbohydrates) and nonfood movie stimuli.ResultsWithin the 5‐HTP group, a comparison of food and nonfood stimuli showed significant responses that included the limbic system, the basal ganglia, and the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. For the vitamin C group, activity was mainly located in temporal and occipital regions. Compared to the vitamin C group, the 5‐HTP group in response to food showed increased activation on the VMPFC, the DLPFC, limbic, and temporal regions. For the 5‐HTP group, activity in response to food high in protein content compared to food high in calories and carbohydrates was located in the limbic system and the right caudomedial OFC, whereas for the vitamin C group, activity was mainly located at the inferior parietal lobes, the anterior cingulate gyri, and the left ventrolateral OFC. Greater responses to carbohydrates and high calorie stimuli in the vitamin C group were located at the right temporal gyrus, the occipital gyrus, the right VLPFC, whereas for the 5‐HTP group, activity was observed at the left VMPFC, the parahippocampal gyrus bilaterally, the occipital lobe, and middle temporal gyri.DiscussionIn line with the hypotheses, 5‐HTP triggered cortical responses associated with healthy body weight as well as cerebral preferences for protein‐rich stimuli. The brain's activity is altered by macronutrients rich or deprived in the body. By reading the organisms physiological states and combining them with memory experiences, it constructs behavioral strategies steering an individual toward or in opposition to a particular food.

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Neural mechanisms underlying food motivation in children and adolescents

Cited by 135 publications

References 56 publications

Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control

Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control

Approaching the shared biology of obesity and depression: the stress axis as the locus of gene–environment interactions

Preliminary fMRI findings concerning the influence of 5‐HTP on food selection

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