Peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccine: Current trends in clinical application

Liu, Wensi; Tang, Haoneng; Li, Luanfeng; Wang, Xiangyi; Yu, Zhaojin; Li, Jianping

doi:10.1111/cpr.13025

Cited by 87 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…They have become a new direction invaccine research because of their highly effective immune protection, safety, and stability. 22,23 In 2013, Esmaelizad et al 24 synthesized a multi-T-cell epitope antigen based on five proteins: EgGST, EgA31, Eg95, Eg14-3, and EgTrp. The antigen-stimulated mouse spleen cells to produce IFN-γ and obtained 99.6% protective efficacy in a mouse model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of B‐cell dominant epitopes in the recombinant protein P29 from Echinococcus granulosus

Zhang

et al. 2022

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Introduction Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) causes a hazardous zoonotic parasitic disease. This parasite can occupy the liver and several areas of the body, causing incurable damage. Our previous studies have provided evidence that the recombinant protein P29 (rEg.P29) exhibit immune protection in sheep and mice against pathological damage induced by E. granulosus, showing its potential as candidate for vaccine development. However, information on the B‐cell epitopes of rEg.P29 has not yet been reported. Methods Immunological model was established in mice with rEg.P29. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot were used to identify protein. Screening for B‐cell dominant epitope peptides of rEg.P29 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immune serum. Dominant epitopes were validated using ELISA and flow cytometry. Multiple sequence alignment analysis was performed using BLAST and UniProt. Results Immunization with rEg.P29 induced intense and persistent antibody responses, and the epitope of the dominant antigen of B cells are identified as rEg.P29166–185 (LKNAKTAEQKAKWEAEVRKD). Anti‐rEg.P29166–185‐specific antibodies lack epitopes against IgA, IgE, and IgG3, compared to anti‐rEg.P29‐specific antibodies. However, anti‐rEg.P29166–185 IgG showed comparatively higher titers, as determined among those peptides by endpoint titration. In addition, rEg.P29 and rEg.P29166–185 promote B‐cell activation and proliferation in vitro. The dominant epitopes are relatively conserved in different subtypes of the rEg.P29 sequence. Conclusion rEg.P29166–185 can act as a dominant B‐cell epitope for rEg.P29 and promote cell activation and proliferation in the same way as rEg.P29.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of B‐cell dominant epitopes in the recombinant protein P29 from Echinococcus granulosus

Zhang

et al. 2022

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…To confirm its immunogenicity, we conducted a meta-analysis on DTH of the E75 vaccine and found that there were differences between the vaccinated group and the control group in DTH (SMD = 0.685 95% CI 0.52–0.85, P Heterogeneity = 0.186, P DTH < 0.05), which showed that the E75 vaccine could elicit a DTH response in six included studies. Changes in CD8 + T-cells reflect the strength of the immune response after vaccination [ 29 ]. In this study, we found that CD8 + T-cell numbers were different before and after injection in ten studies (SMD = − 0.864, 95% CI − 1.02 to − 0.709, P Heterogeneity = 0.085, P CD8+ T cell < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of HER2 peptide vaccines in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background The E75 and GP2 vaccines are the few therapeutic vaccines targeting HER2 currently under clinical research for patients with breast cancer. Methods Databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science, were used to retrieve clinical studies on E75 and GP2 vaccines. Retrieval time was from the beginning of database construction until May 31st, 2021. Results A total of 24 clinical studies were included in this analysis, including 1704 patients in the vaccinated group and 1248 patients in the control group. For the E75 vaccine, there were significant differences between the vaccinated group and the control group in the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (SMD = 0.685 95% CI 0.52–0.85, PHeterogeneity = 0.186, PDTH < 0.05) and the change in CD8+ T-cell numbers (SMD = − 0.864, 95% CI − 1.02 to − 0.709, PHeterogeneity = 0.085, PCD8+ T cell < 0.05) before and after injection. For the GP2 vaccine, there was a significant difference between the vaccinated group and the control group in the change in CD8+ T-cell numbers (SMD = − 0.584, 95% CI − 0.803 to − 0.294, PHeterogeneity = 0.397, PCD8+ T cell < 0.05) before and after injection. In addition, the clinical outcomes, including recurrence rate (RR = 0.568, 95% CI 0.444–0.727, PHeterogeneity = 0.955, PRecurrence < 0.05) and disease-free survival rate (RR = 1.149, 95% CI 1.050–1.256, PHeterogeneity = 0.003, PDFS < 0.05), of the E75-vaccinated group were different from those of the control group. However, we found that the overall survival rate with the E75 vaccine (RR = 1.032, 95% CI 0.998–1.067, PHeterogeneity = 0.476, POS > 0.05) was not different between the two groups. Local and systemic toxicity assessments of the two vaccines showed minimal side effects. Conclusions The E75 vaccine was effective and safe in patients with breast cancer. The GP2 vaccine could elicit a strong immune response, but more trials are needed to confirm its clinical efficacy.

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“…Recombinant viral vectors, which usually function as a delivery vehicle for the antigen, can boost immune response as well in that they always contain more or less toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and pattern recognition receptor ligands to activate DCs (91). The TLR agonists are also able to enhance CD8 + T cell activation and prevent T cell from exhausting (92,93). The main drawback of such an adjuvant is that the vectors also have other sequences capable of competing with the inserted sequence of targeted antigens (94).…”

Section: Adjuvants For Breast Cancer Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Vaccines: Disappointing or Promising?

Zhu

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally. The relapse and metastasis of breast cancer remain a great challenge despite advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and HER2 targeted therapy in the past decades. Innovative therapeutic strategies are still critically in need. Cancer vaccine is an attractive option as it aims to induce a durable immunologic response to eradicate tumor cells. Different types of breast cancer vaccines have been evaluated in clinical trials, but none has led to significant benefits. Despite the disappointing results at present, new promise from the latest study indicates the possibility of applying vaccines in combination with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies or immune checkpoint blockade. This review summarizes the principles and mechanisms underlying breast cancer vaccines, recapitulates the type and administration routes of vaccine, reviews the current results of relevant clinical trials, and addresses the potential reasons for the setbacks and future directions to explore.

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Peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccine: Current trends in clinical application

Cited by 87 publications

References 100 publications

Identification of B‐cell dominant epitopes in the recombinant protein P29 from Echinococcus granulosus

Identification of B‐cell dominant epitopes in the recombinant protein P29 from Echinococcus granulosus

Application of HER2 peptide vaccines in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Breast Cancer Vaccines: Disappointing or Promising?

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