Potential of epigenetic therapies in non-cancerous conditions

Mau, Theresa; Yung, Raymond

doi:10.3389/fgene.2014.00438

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…Epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of individual autoimmune diseases has been discussed recently [97] and will not be reviewed here. However, it is important to note the role of epigenetics as a mechanistic link between immunosenescence and autoimmunity.…”

Section: Age-related Changes In the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune senescence, epigenetics and autoimmunity

Ray

Yung

2018

Clinical Immunology

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133

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Aging of the immune system in humans and animals is characterized by a decline in both adaptive and innate immune responses. Paradoxically, aging is also associated with a state of chronic inflammation ("inflammaging") and an increased likelihood of developing autoimmune diseases. Epigenetic changes in non-dividing and dividing cells, including immune cells, due to environmental factors contribute to the inflammation and autoimmunity that characterize both the state and diseases of aging. Here, we review the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the development of immune senescence and autoimmunity in old age.

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Section: Age-related Changes In the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune senescence, epigenetics and autoimmunity

Ray

Yung

2018

Clinical Immunology

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133

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“…DNA methylation, a process that occurs under normal physiologic conditions, is mediated by a family of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) (41). This family includes DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b (42). DNA methylation usually occurs at the DNA replication stage, to ensure that methylation patterns are maintained in daughter cells, and the enzyme responsible for this is DNMT1 (38).…”

Section: Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA methylation usually occurs at the DNA replication stage, to ensure that methylation patterns are maintained in daughter cells, and the enzyme responsible for this is DNMT1 (38). During replication and embryogenesis, it is also possible for de novo DNA methylation to occur (42). This is thought to be mediated by the enzymes DNMT3a and DNMT3b (38).…”

Section: Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The core proteins of histones form octamers, around which DNA is wrapped and organized into structural units called nucleosomes (38,47). Protruding from nucleosomes are the N-terminal tails of histone core proteins, and these tails are susceptible to a variety of modifications including, among others, acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination (38,42,47,48). Modification of histone tails alters the physical structure of chromatin, and in doing so, it regulates the transcription of genes.…”

Section: Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetylation of histone tails, catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases, generally results in transcriptionally active euchromatin, whereas deacetylation by histone deacetylases usually promotes transcriptionally silent heterochromatin (5). Histone methylation is more complex; it can have differing functional consequences on gene transcription (42). For example, methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 and 36 generally activates transcription by promoting euchromatin, whereas methylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 and 27 usually results in heterochromatin with transcriptional repression (36,38,42).…”

Section: Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA methylation and the potential role of demethylating agents in prevention of progressive chronic kidney disease

et al. 2018

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global epidemic, and its major risk factors include obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obesity not only promotes metabolic dysregulation and the development of diabetic kidney disease but also may independently lead to CKD by a variety of mechanisms, including endocrine and metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, altered renal hemodynamics, and lipotoxicity. Deleterious renal effects of obesity can also be transmitted from one generation to the next, and it is increasingly recognized that offspring of obese mothers are predisposed to CKD. Epigenetic modifications are changes that regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Of these, DNA methylation is the most studied. Epigenetic imprints, particularly DNA methylation, are laid down during critical periods of fetal development, and they may provide a mechanism by which maternal-fetal transmission of chronic disease occurs. Our current review explores the evidence for the role of DNA methylation in the development of CKD, diabetic kidney disease, diabetes, and obesity. DNA methylation has been implicated in renal fibrosis-the final pathophysiologic pathway in the development of end-stage kidney disease-which supports the notion that demethylating agents may play a potential therapeutic role in preventing development and progression of CKD.-Larkin, B. P., Glastras, S. J., Chen, H., Pollock, C. A., Saad, S. DNA methylation and the potential role of demethylating agents in prevention of progressive chronic kidney disease.

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Epigenetic Therapies in the Precision Medicine Era

Leite

Oliveira

Cunha

et al. 2020

Advanced Therapeutics

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The elucidation of the 3D structure of DNA revolutionized modern science and created the basis for the field of molecular biology. The advent of DNA sequencing, and further refinement with Next‐Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques, has made possible the enormous accumulation of data, which are useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms associated to various complex and rare diseases. Thanks to these advances, today it is known that several mechanisms regulate gene expression without the occurrence of mutations in the genome, a phenomenom known as Epigenetics and Epigenomics. The main mechanisms involved are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non‐coding RNA transcription. The knowledge of these mechanisms applied to biomedicine has enabled the emergence of several fields, especially precision medicine, which is based on the genetic and epigenetic profiles of patients applied to personalized diagnostics and treatments. In this review, the history of the scientific advances that have enabled the development of precision medicine will be discussed, with a focus in epigenetics. Moreover, several molecules that have been approved for use or have the potential in epigenetic therapies (epidrugs) will also be discussed here, those of which act on targets responsible for maintaining the correct epigenetic pattern or correcting wrong patterns in diseases.

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Potential of epigenetic therapies in non-cancerous conditions

Cited by 34 publications

References 176 publications

Immune senescence, epigenetics and autoimmunity

Immune senescence, epigenetics and autoimmunity

DNA methylation and the potential role of demethylating agents in prevention of progressive chronic kidney disease

Epigenetic Therapies in the Precision Medicine Era

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