Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella and Shigella spp. among children with gastroenteritis in an Iranian referral hospital

Mahmoudi, Shima; Pourakbari, Babak; Moradzadeh, Mina; Eshaghi, Hamid; Ramezani, Amitis; Ashtiani, Mohammad Taghi Haghi; Valian, Sepideh Keshavarz; Mamishi, Setareh

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.023

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this study the total prevalence of Shigella species were 29(10.7%) (95%CI = 7.0–14.0%) in all age groups and was in consistent with studies carried out in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia 8.4% [10], Sydney, Australia 8.9% [17] and Brazil 10% [16]. However; it was lower than studies from Unguja Island-Zanzibar 38.5% [5], India 39.6% [18], Nepal 52.2% [19], Saudi Arabia 61.3% [20], Lebanon 30% [21], Iran 40% [22]. The reason is that the investigators might use advanced techniques for the detection of Shigella species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella infections among diarrheic pediatric population attending at Gondar town healthcare institutions, Northwest Ethiopia

Alemu

Geta

Taye

et al. 2019

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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Background Diarrhea caused by Shigella species remains a major public health threat especially in the pediatric population. A regular surveillance system needs to be in place, in order to explore the burden, antimicrobial resistance patterns and associated risk factors for Shigella infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of Shigella infections among diarrheic pediatric population attending at selected healthcare institutions in Gondar town. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar town healthcare institutions from January to March 2018. A simple random sampling technique was used to enroll 272 study participants. Structured questionnaires were used to gather socio-demographic, environmental and associated risk factors data. Stool samples were collected from diarrheic pediatric patients and inoculated onto MacConkey media, salmonella-shigella agar, and xylose-lysine deoxy-cholate agar. Identification of the bacterial species was carried out by using biochemical tests. The disc-diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates by standardizing the bacterial suspension with a 0.5 McFarland solution. A statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20 statistical package and P -value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results From the total study participants, 29(10.7%) of the patients were culture positive for Shigella species. The habit of eating raw food and nutritional status of children were statistically significant with shigellosis ( p < 0.05). Shigella species were found highly resistant to amoxicillin and tetracycline but susceptible to nitrofurantoin and norfloxacin. Conclusion High prevalence of Shigella species were detected in this study. Through in-vitro drug susceptibility testing, norfloxacin and nitrofurantoin were found to be effective against the isolates, while high resistance rates were observed for tetracycline, and amoxicillin. The findings highlighted the need for regular drug resistance information for the best management of infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella infections among diarrheic pediatric population attending at Gondar town healthcare institutions, Northwest Ethiopia

Alemu

Geta

Taye

et al. 2019

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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“…In addition, about 200 S. sonnei isolates were identified in Bangladesh that demonstrated a wide range of resistance against frequently used antibiotics, such as ampicillin, mecillinam , ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, at ratios of 9.5, 10.5, 17, 86.5, and 89.5%, respectively (Ud-Din et al, 2013). More recently, a study in Iran reported high frequency of resistance against trimethoprim/sufamethoxazole, ampicillin, cefotaxime and nalidixic acid (80, 85, 63 and 47%, respectively), in 85 Shigella spp isolated from 211 positive stool cultures of children with gastroenteritis (Mahmoudi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and potential of phage therapy against multidrug resistantShigellaspp.

Tang

Biswas

Tan

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Shigella-infected bacillary dysentery or commonly known as Shigellosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The gradual emergence of multidrug resistantShigellaspp. has triggered the search for alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Phage therapy could be one such suitable alternative, given its proven long term safety profile as well as the rapid expansion of phage therapy research. To be successful, phage therapy will need an adequate regulatory framework, effective strategies, the proper selection of appropriate phages, early solutions to overcome phage therapy limitations, the implementation of safety protocols, and finally improved public awareness. To achieve all these criteria and successfully apply phage therapy against multidrug resistant shigellosis, a comprehensive study is required. In fact, a variety of phage-based approaches and products including single phages, phage cocktails, mutated phages, genetically engineered phages, and combinations of phages with antibiotics have already been carried out to test the applications of phage therapy against multidrug resistantShigella.This review provides a broad survey of phage treatments from past to present, focusing on the history, applications, limitations and effective solutions related to, as well as the prospects for, the use of phage therapy against multidrug resistantShigellaspp. and other multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens.

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“…In our study, all the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, ceftriaxone, meropenem, amikacin, imipenem, cefepime, cefazolin and ceftazidime. The frequency of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 8.8%, which lower than those reported by Mahmoudi Sh et al, [37], Abbasi E et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants among Salmonella and Shigella spp. isolated from pediatric patients

Mirzaii

Alebouyeh

Sohrabi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Diarrhea remains a serious public health problem, which could be life- threatening in children. Salmonella and Shigella are among the main responsible agents. Fluoroquinolones are the most common antibiotics prescribed to treat these infections; however, increasing rate of resistance and its spread through plasmid- mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes should be considered for medication in each country. To achieve this aim, the current study was conducted to determine the frequency of PMQR genes in Shigella and Salmonella isolates of pediatric patients with acute diarrhea. Methods: In this study, Shigella and Salmonella isolates from fresh stool samples of diarrhea patients were included from May 2017 to May 2018. All the isolates were characterized by conventional phenotypic and molecular methods. The antibiotic resistance profiles and the frequency of PMQR genes were determined by standard susceptibility and molecular test methods. Results: The highest antibiotic resistance rate among Shigella and Salmonella isolates was related to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (37/40; 92.5%) and cefoxitin (5/45; 11.1%), respectively. Although qnrS, qepA, and aac (6¢)-Ib-cr genes were characterized in 32.5%, 2.5%, and 2.5% of the Shigella strains, qepA (17.7%) and qnrS (4.4%) were among the common PMQR determinants in the Salmonella isolates, respectively. The reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was detected among 25% and 22.2% of PMQR-harboring strains of Shigella and Salmonella, respectively. Conclusion: Low rates of ciprofloxacin resistance and low frequency of MDR Salmonella and Shigella isolates were characterized in this study. Most of the isolates that carried PMQR determinants presented only low-level resistance and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

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Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella and Shigella spp. among children with gastroenteritis in an Iranian referral hospital

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella infections among diarrheic pediatric population attending at Gondar town healthcare institutions, Northwest Ethiopia

Prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Shigella infections among diarrheic pediatric population attending at Gondar town healthcare institutions, Northwest Ethiopia

Efficacy and potential of phage therapy against multidrug resistantShigellaspp.

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants among Salmonella and Shigella spp. isolated from pediatric patients

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