Probiotics alleviate autoimmune hepatitis in mice through modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability

Liu, Qingqing; Tian, Haixia; Kang, Yongbo; Tian, Ye; Li, Lin; Kang, Xing; Yang, Hao; Wang, Yanhong; Tian, Jing; Zhang, Fan; Tong, Mingwei; Cai, Hong-Yan; Fan, Weiping

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108863

Cited by 48 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory liver disorder, great significance should be attached to unravel the critical role of immune responses in AIH. Some studies have suggested that the dysregulation between Tregs and Th17 cells ( Liu et al., 2021b ), the activation of NKT cells ( Diao et al., 2004 ; Liu et al., 2021a ), and the imbalance of TFR/TFH cells induced by altered intestinal microbiota, presumably participated in the initiation and the progression of AIH ( Liang et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: The Influential Mechanisms Of Altered Intestinal Microbiota ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiota: A Novel Player in Autoimmune Hepatitis

Cheng

Yang

Chu

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated liver disease distributed globally in all ethnicities with increasing prevalence. If left untreated, the disease will lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or death. The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem located in the human intestine, which extensively affects the human physiological and pathological processes. With more and more in-depth understandings of intestinal microbiota, a substantial body of studies have verified that the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in a variety of digestive system diseases, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, only a few studies have paid attention to evaluate the relationship between AIH and the intestinal microbiota. While AIH pathogenesis is not fully elucidated yet, some studies have indicated that intestinal microbiota putatively made significant contributions to the occurrence and the development of AIH by triggering several specific signaling pathways, altering the metabolism of intestinal microbiota, as well as modulating the immune response in the intestine and liver. By collecting the latest related literatures, this review summarized the increasing trend of the aerobic bacteria abundance in both AIH patients and AIH mice models. Moreover, the combination of specific bacteria species was found distinct to AIH patients, which could be a promising tool for diagnosing AIH. In addition, there were alterations of luminal metabolites and immune responses, including decreased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increased pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), imbalanced regulatory T (Treg)/Th17 cells, follicular regulatory T (TFR)/follicular helper T (TFH) cells, and activated natural killer T (NKT) cells. These alterations participate in the onset and the progression of AIH via multiple mechanisms. Therefore, some therapeutic methods based on restoration of intestinal microbiota composition, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as well as targeted intestinal microbiota-associated signaling pathways, confer novel insights into the treatment for AIH patients.

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Section: The Influential Mechanisms Of Altered Intestinal Microbiota ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiota: A Novel Player in Autoimmune Hepatitis

Cheng

Yang

Chu

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…There is an overall decrease in the alpha diversity of the gut microbiome and a rise in serum LPS levels in patients with AIH [ 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ]. LPS results in the activation of toll-like receptor 4 and NF-kB pathways which decreases the expression of tight junction proteins [ 109 ]. Several studies have shown the presence of disturbed intestinal tight junctions with reduced zona occludens-1 and occludin expression [ 105 , 107 , 108 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota: Link With Autoimmune Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown the presence of disturbed intestinal tight junctions with reduced zona occludens-1 and occludin expression [ 105 , 107 , 108 ]. Increased intestinal permeability allows for LPS translocation to the liver, resulting in cytokine production and inflammation [ 109 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota: Link With Autoimmune Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trust Your Gut: The Association of Gut Microbiota and Liver Disease

et al. 2022

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The gut microbiota composition is important for nutrient metabolism, mucosal barrier function, immunomodulation, and defense against pathogens. Alterations in the gut microbiome can disturb the gut ecosystem. These changes may lead to the loss of beneficial bacteria or an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, these have been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Pathologies of the liver, such as non-alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis have all been linked to changes in the gut microbiome composition. There is substantial evidence that links gut dysbiosis to the progression and complications of these pathologies. This review article aimed to describe the changes seen in the gut microbiome in liver diseases and the association between gut dysbiosis and liver disease, and finally, explore treatment options that may improve gut dysbiosis in patients with liver disease.

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“…The increase of Akkermansia, particularly Akkermansia muciniphila, is a beneficial characteristic associated with intestinal barrier functions [125,126]. The positive effects of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are well known; these bacteria are associated with increased barrier function [127,128], which extends to metabolic benefits [129]. Of note, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus could have antidepressant effects [130,131] in their own right.…”

Section: Prebiotic Effects and Modulation Of The Intestinal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Untapped Potential of Ginsenosides and American Ginseng Berry in Promoting Mental Health via the Gut–Brain Axis

St-Laurent

Hammami

2022

Nutrients

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Despite the popularity of the ginseng (Panax) root in health research and on the market, the ginseng berry’s potential remains relatively unexplored. Implementing ginseng berry cultivations and designing berry-derived products could improve the accessibility to mental health-promoting nutraceuticals. Indeed, the berry could have a higher concentration of neuroprotective and antidepressant compounds than the root, which has already been the subject of research demonstrating its efficacy in the context of neuroprotection and mental health. In this review, data on the berry’s application in supporting mental health via the gut–brain axis is compiled and discussed.

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Probiotics alleviate autoimmune hepatitis in mice through modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability

Cited by 48 publications

References 39 publications

The Gut Microbiota: A Novel Player in Autoimmune Hepatitis

The Gut Microbiota: A Novel Player in Autoimmune Hepatitis

Trust Your Gut: The Association of Gut Microbiota and Liver Disease

The Untapped Potential of Ginsenosides and American Ginseng Berry in Promoting Mental Health via the Gut–Brain Axis

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