Reply to Wager et al.: Pain and the dACC: The importance of hit rate-adjusted effects and posterior probabilities with fair priors

Lieberman, Matthew D.; Burns, Shannon; Torre, Jared B.; Eisenberger, Naomi I.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1603186113

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…While this approach shows great potential for disclosing wide patterns of associations, many statistical considerations have to be taken into account. This difficulty has been illustrated recently by a vigorous debate over the functional specialization of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), based on conflicting conclusions derived by two groups of authors [79][80][81]. Such discussions highlight the need to critically investigate the inferential approaches that rely on different statistical considerations, when aiming to comprehensively characterize the pattern of associations for a given brain region.…”

Section: Recent Tools Aiding Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Characterize the Function of a Brain Region

Genon

Reid

Langner

et al. 2018

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

166

126

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Many brain regions have been defined, but a comprehensive formalization of each region's function in relation to human behavior is still lacking. Current knowledge comes from various fields, which have diverse conceptions of 'functions'. We briefly review these fields and outline how the heterogeneity of associations could be harnessed to disclose the computational function of any region. Aggregating activation data from neuroimaging studies allows us to characterize the functional engagement of a region across a range of experimental conditions. Furthermore, large-sample data can disclose covariation between brain region features and ecological behavioral phenotyping. Combining these two approaches opens a new perspective to determine the behavioral associations of a brain region, and hence its function and broader role within large-scale functional networks.

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Section: Recent Tools Aiding Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Characterize the Function of a Brain Region

Genon

Reid

Langner

et al. 2018

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

166

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, these inferences remain challenging to interpret due to the trade-off between breadth and specificity that is necessary to create a sufficiently large database (e.g. see discussion in [10, 11]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlases of cognition with large-scale human brain mapping

et al. 2018

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To map the neural substrate of mental function, cognitive neuroimaging relies on controlled psychological manipulations that engage brain systems associated with specific cognitive processes. In order to build comprehensive atlases of cognitive function in the brain, it must assemble maps for many different cognitive processes, which often evoke overlapping patterns of activation. Such data aggregation faces contrasting goals: on the one hand finding correspondences across vastly different cognitive experiments, while on the other hand precisely describing the function of any given brain region. Here we introduce a new analysis framework that tackles these difficulties and thereby enables the generation of brain atlases for cognitive function. The approach leverages ontologies of cognitive concepts and multi-label brain decoding to map the neural substrate of these concepts. We demonstrate the approach by building an atlas of functional brain organization based on 30 diverse functional neuroimaging studies, totaling 196 different experimental conditions. Unlike conventional brain mapping, this functional atlas supports robust reverse inference: predicting the mental processes from brain activity in the regions delineated by the atlas. To establish that this reverse inference is indeed governed by the corresponding concepts, and not idiosyncrasies of experimental designs, we show that it can accurately decode the cognitive concepts recruited in new tasks. These results demonstrate that aggregating independent task-fMRI studies can provide a more precise global atlas of selective associations between brain and cognition.

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“…In more recent years, however, other studies failed to provide evidence for such functional integration. For example, a number of recent studies and meta-analyses demonstrated that distinct rather than overlapping parts of the MFC are associated with cognitive conflict and pain processing (De La Vega et al, 2016;Jahn et al, 2016;Lieberman et al, 2016). Similarly, one recent mega-analysis study reported a multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) on full activation maps from 18 studies to assess the similarity of patterns evoked by different domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared neural representations of cognitive conflict and negative affect in the medial frontal cortex

Vermeylen

Wisniewski

González-García

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractInfluential theories of medial frontal cortex (MFC) function suggest that the MFC registers cognitive conflict as an aversive signal, but no study directly tested this idea. Instead, recent studies suggested that non-overlapping regions in the MFC process conflict and affect. In this pre-registered human fMRI study, we used multivariate pattern analyses to identify which regions respond similarly to conflict and aversive signals. The results reveal that, of all conflict- and value-related regions, the ventral pre-supplementary motor area (or dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) showed a shared neural pattern response to different conflict and affect tasks. These findings challenge recent conclusions that conflict and affect are processed independently, and provide support for integrative views of MFC function.

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Reply to Wager et al.: Pain and the dACC: The importance of hit rate-adjusted effects and posterior probabilities with fair priors

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

How to Characterize the Function of a Brain Region

How to Characterize the Function of a Brain Region

Atlases of cognition with large-scale human brain mapping

Shared neural representations of cognitive conflict and negative affect in the medial frontal cortex

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