Serum Lipoprotein Levels, Statin Use, and Cognitive Function in Older Women

Yaffe, Kristine; Barrett‐Connor, Elizabeth; Lin, Feng; Grady, Deborah

doi:10.1001/archneur.59.3.378

Cited by 398 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, whether cognitive function is affected by cholesterol levels is poorly understood; results to date have been inconsistent. Previous studies found that cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the elderly with cognitive impairment or dementia, and that cholesterol lowering therapy may be a strategy for cognitive impairment prevention (4)(5)(6). In addition, previous research indicated that higher consumption of tea, which is linked to lower cholesterol level, was proved to take a protective effect on cognition (7), and higher cholesterol was linked to faster cognitive decline among patients with Alzheimer's disease (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Yin

Chei

et al. 2016

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Objectives-The association between cognitive function and cholesterol levels is poorly understood and inconsistent results exist among the elderly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of cholesterol level with cognitive performance among Chinese elderly.Design-A cross-sectional study was implemented in 2012 and data were analyzed using generalized additive models, linear regression models and logistic regression models. Conflict of interestThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests. Ethical standardsThe authors declare that all the experiments of this study complied with the current laws of China in which they were performed. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptSetting-Community-based setting in eight longevity areas in China.Subjects-A total of 2000 elderly aged 65 years and over (mean 85.8±12.0 years) participated in this study. Measurements-Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration were determined and cognitive impairment was defined as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score≤23.Results-There was a significant positive linear association between TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C and MMSE score in linear regression models. Each 1 mmol/L increase in TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C corresponded to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment in logistic regression models. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C had a lower risk of cognitive impairment. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI were 0.73(0.62-0.84) for TC, 0.81(0.70-0.94) for LDL-C and 0.81(0.70-0.94) for HDL-C. There was no gender difference in the protective effects of high TC and LDL-C levels on cognitive impairment. However, for high HDL-C levels the effect was only observed in women. High TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels were associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment in the oldest old (aged 80 and older), but not in the younger elderly (aged 65 to 79 years).Conclusions-These findings suggest that cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance in Chinese elderly, specifically in the oldest old. With further validation, low cholesterol may serve a clinical indicator of risk for cognitive impairment in the elderly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Yin

Chei

et al. 2016

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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“…Interestingly, the fact that statins exert a lipophilicity-independent protection against AD has also been recently observed in the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study (56). In addition, an observational study on postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease reported a trend for a lower likelihood of cognitive impairment in statin users, which was independent of plasma lipid levels (57).…”

Section: Statin Therapy and Admentioning

confidence: 70%

Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: A still poorly understood correlation

et al. 2012

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SummaryA large amount of evidence suggests a pathogenic link between cholesterol homeostasis dysregulation and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In cell culture systems, the production of amyloidb (Ab) is modulated by cholesterol, and studies on animal models have consistently demonstrated that hypercholesterolemia is associated with an increased deposition of cerebral Ab peptides. Consequently, a number of epidemiological studies have examined the effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs (i.e., statins) in the prevention and the treatment of AD. However, while retrospective studies suggested a potential benefit of statin therapy, clinical trials produced inconsistent results. Here, we summarize the main findings from in vitro and in vivo research where the correlation between cholesterol and the neurodegenerative disorder was investigated. Recognition of this correlation could be an important step forward for our understanding of AD pathogenesis and, possibly, for the development of new therapeutic strategies.2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(12): 931-935, 2012

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] The clinical report also indicates that the AD patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease exhibit a more rapid progression of dementia.…”

Section: Abstract Telmisartan; Tumor Necrosis Factor α; Alzheimer DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The clinical report also indicates that the AD patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease exhibit a more rapid progression of dementia. 6) Overall, 47% of demented participants in that clinical study had AD and/or additional brain infarcts, suggesting that the mixed form of such dementia may be very common in the elderly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative Effects of Telmisartan on the Inflammatory Response and Impaired Spatial Memory in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Incorporating Additional Cerebrovascular Disease Factors

Shindo

Takasaki

Uchida

et al. 2012

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Telmisartan, an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker, is used in the management of hypertension to control blood pressure. In addition, telmisartan has a partial agonistic effect on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Recently, the effects of telmisartan on spatial memory or the inflammatory response were monitored in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, to date, no studies have investigated the ameliorative effects of telmisartan on impaired spatial memory and the inflammatory response in an AD animal model incorporating additional cerebrovascular disease factors. In this study, we examined the effect of telmisartan on spatial memory impairment and the inflammatory response in a rat model of AD incorporating additional cerebrovascular disease factors. Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia and an intracerebroventricular injection of oligomeric or aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ). Oral administration of telmisartan (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg/d) seven days after ischemia and Aβ treatment resulted in better performance in the eight arm radial maze task in a dose-dependent manner. Telmisartan also reduced tumor necrosis factor α mRNA expression in the hippocampal region of rats with impaired spatial memory. These effects of telmisartan were antagonized by GW9662, an antagonist of PPARγ. These results suggest that telmisartan has ameliorative effects on the impairment of spatial memory in a rat model of AD incorporating additional cerebrovascular disease factors via its anti-inflammatory effect. Key words telmisartan; tumor necrosis factor α; Alzheimer disease; inflammatory; ratThe epidemiological survey findings indicate that the Alzheimer's disease (AD) rapidly progresses in case of which elderly people have a history of lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension, lipid abnormality, diabetes and cerebrovascular disease (e.g., brain infarction). [1][2][3][4][5] The clinical report also indicates that the AD patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease exhibit a more rapid progression of dementia.6) Overall, 47% of demented participants in that clinical study had AD and/or additional brain infarcts, suggesting that the mixed form of such dementia may be very common in the elderly.Based on the context of the above clinical studies, we have developed several AD-like animal models incorporated additional lifestyle-related disease factors, where the model animals in various clinical states were obtained by imposing the altering aggregate morphology of amyloid-β (Aβ) on naïve animals. 7,8) Since theses animal models reveal that administration of aggregated Aβ could induce neuronal cell death and spatial memory impairment, we have used them to evaluate the related-drug efficacy. Our pharmacological study indicates that the hypoxia treatment enhances Aβ-induced apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons. 9)

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Serum Lipoprotein Levels, Statin Use, and Cognitive Function in Older Women

Abstract: High LDL and total cholesterol levels are associated with cognitive impairment, and lowering these lipoprotein levels may be a strategy for preventing impairment. The association between statin use and better cognitive function in women without dementia requires further study.

Cited by 398 publications

References 31 publications

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: A still poorly understood correlation

Ameliorative Effects of Telmisartan on the Inflammatory Response and Impaired Spatial Memory in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Incorporating Additional Cerebrovascular Disease Factors

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