Subjective socioeconomic position, gender and cortisol responses to waking in an elderly population

Subjective socioeconomic status and health in cross-national comparison

“…Health outcomes linked to subjective socioeconomic position included self-rated health (SRH; Demakakos et al, 2008;Singh-Manoux et al, 2005), depression (Demakakos et al, 2008;Sakurai et al, 2010;Singh-Manoux et al, 2003), nurse-rated health (Nobles et al, 2013), cortisol (Adler et al, 2000;Wright and Steptoe, 2005), and mortality rates (Kopp et al, 2004). While some studies showed that the association between subjective socioeconomic status and health was explained when accounting for objective markers of SES, at least for some outcomes (Singh-Manoux et al, 2003), the majority of studies suggest that subjective SES is associated with health even after controlling for objective SES.…”

Social status and health: A comparison of British civil servants in Whitehall-II with European- and African-Americans in CARDIA

“…SSS appears to capture objective socioeconomic conditions (SinghManoux et al, 2003), and may provide a more nuanced measure. In several studies, SSS ratings showed an independent association with health when adjusted for objective SES (e.g., Goldman, Cornman, & Chang, 2002;Wright & Steptoe, 2005;Ostrove et al, 2000;Cohen et al, in press). Indicators of objective SES have substantial "noise.…”

“…Lower subjective social status (SSS) has been found to be associated with poorer self-reported global health across the age range, to poorer functional status among older people and to obesity and depression among youth (Goodman, Adler, Daniels, Morrison, Slap, & Dolan, 2003;Hu, Adler, Goldman, Weinstein, & Seeman, 2005;Operario, Adler & Williams, 2004;Ostrove, Adler, Kuppermann, & Washington, 2000;Singh-Manoux, Adler, & Marmot, 2003). Lower SSS is also associated with biological risk factors including increased heart rate, greater abdominal fat deposition, greater morning rise in cortisol, and greater susceptibility to infection following exposure to a rhinovirus (Adler, Epel, Castellazzo, & Ickovicks, 2000;Cohen, Alper, Doyle, Adler, Treanor, & Turner, in press;Wright & Steptoe, 2005).…”

Subjective Social Status and Functional Decline in Older Adults

“…12 In older Americans, the stress-marker cortisol rise is more closely associated with subjective social status than with objective measures of SES. 16 In studies of adults of all ages, lower SSS is associated with worse baseline self-rated health and health status. [11][12][13][14][17][18][19] While some studies find that the associations between subjective social status and health remain after accounting for objective measures of SES, 11,18 others do not.…”