Sympathetic nervous system modulation of the immune system. III. Alterations in T and B cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro following chemical sympathectomy

Madden, Kelley S.; Moynihan, Jan A.; Brenner, Gary J.; Felten, Suzanne Y.; Felten, David L.; Livnat, Shmuel

doi:10.1016/0165-5728(94)90183-x

Cited by 155 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Madden and colleagues showed that the contact sensitivity response was decreased in mice that were depleted of NE either prior to or following sensitization, as compared to non-depleted mice (Madden et al, 1989). The decreased response was due to a decrease in T cell reactivity, suggesting that NE was needed for the development and/or progression of a Th1 cell-mediated immune response.…”

Section: T Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987–2007)

Nance¹,

Sanders²

2007

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

727

573

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Since 1987, only a few neuroanatomical studies have been conducted to identify the origin of innervation for the immune system. These studies demonstrated that all primary and secondary immune organs receive a substantial sympathetic innervation from sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Neither the thymus nor spleen receive any sensory neural innervation; however, there is evidence that lymph nodes and bone marrow may be innervated by sensory neurons located in dorsal root ganglia. There is no neuroanatomical evidence for a parasympathetic or vagal nerve supply to any immune organ. Thus, the primary pathway for the neural regulation of immune function is provided by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and its main neurotransmitter, norepinephrine (NE). Activation of the SNS primarily inhibits the activity of cells associated with the innate immune system, while it either enhances or inhibits the activity of cells associated with the acquired/adaptive immune system. Innate immune cells express both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes, while T and B lymphocytes express adrenergic receptors of the beta2 subtype exclusively, except for murine Th2 cells that lack expression of any subtype. Via these adrenergic receptors, NE is able to regulate the level of immune cell activity by initiating a change in the level of cellular activity, which often involves a change in the level of gene expression for cytokines and antibodies.

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Section: T Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987–2007)

Nance¹,

Sanders²

2007

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

727

573

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Effects on cytokine response are especially pronounced, with many studies suggesting that sympathetic activation can inhibit the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (Sanders and Kavelaars 2007), suppresses Th1 cytokines in favor of a Th2 profile (Panina-Bordignon, Mazzeo et al 1997;Cole, Korin et al 1998;Kohm and Sanders 1999;Maestroni and Mazzola 2003;Sanders and Kavelaars 2007), and inhibit the expression of Type I interferons (Collado-Hidalgo, Sung et al 2006). The functional significance of these interactions is underscored by the fact that pharmacologic blockade of SNS activity can alter in vivo immune responses to model antigens and pathogen challenges (Madden, Moynihan et al 1994;Kohm and Sanders 1999). The effects of physiologic variation in SNS activity are less well understood, but direct sympathetic innervation of lymphoid tissue is believed to represent a primary pathway by which behavioral processes can affect immune function in vivo.…”

Section: Lymphoid Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced remodeling of lymphoid innervation

Sloan¹,

Capitanio

Cole³

2008

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Lymphoid organs have long been known to harbor neural fibers from the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, but recent studies suggest a surprising degree of plasticity in the density of innervation. This review summarizes data showing that behavioral stress can increase the density of catecholaminergic neural fibers within lymphoid organs of adult primates. Stress-induced neural densification is associated with increased expression of neurotrophic factors, and functional consequences include alterations in lymph node cytokine expression and increased replication of a lymphotropic virus. The finding that behavioral stress can tonically alter lymph node neural structure suggests that behavioral factors could exert long-term regulatory influences on the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of immune responses.

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“…Effects of 6-OHDA on NE and DA levels: It has been demonstrated that chemical sympathectomy with 6-OHDA in mice significantly reduce NE levels in the spleen [1,16,18,20,29]. To evaluate effects of 6-OHDA treatment at E7 or E14, NE and DA levels in the spleen and peripheral blood of 3-week-old chickens were measured by HPLC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the rodent, 6-OHDA is often used to investigate the interaction between the nervous and immune systems, and it appears that 6-OHDA injection in vivo decreases NE levels and alters antibody responses [16,18,20], cytokine production [20,34], and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation [1,29]. There is, however, little information concerning the effects of catecholamine on the development of the immune system at the embryonal stage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 6-Hydroxydopamine on the Development of the Immune System in Chickens.

Motobu

El-Abasy

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. It has been suggested that the sympathetic nervous system communicates with lymphocytes expressing cell surface receptors for neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE), on the basis of the finding that neurotransmitters modify immune responses in mammalian species. We confirmed that chicken lymphocytes in the brusa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen expressed β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) mRNA from embryonic day (E) 10 and that intracellular cAMP level was elevated by NE, suggesting that lymphocytes express functional β-AR on their surface at an early embryonal stage. To clarify whether the nervous system is involved in the development of the immune system, the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), one of sympathectomizing agents, on chicken lymphocytes was investigated. A single injection of 6-OHDA at a dose of 400 µg into a chicken embryo was carried out at E7 or 14 (as referred to E7 group and E14 group, respectively). NE level and the relative proportion of Bu-1a + , CD4 + and CD8 + cells in the spleen of 3-week-old chickens were not altered by 6-OHDA treatment. However, the proliferative responses and expression of IL-2 mRNA in spleen cells cultured with pokeweed mitogen were reduced in E7 group compared with those of control. Furthermore, in CD8 + spleen cells of E14 group of 3-week-old chickens, the expression of β-AR mRNA and the relative increase of intracellular cAMP stimulated with NE were significantly decreased. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system affects the development of the immune system. KEY WORDS: β-adrenergic receptor, cytokine, 6-hydroxydopamine, lymphocyte proliferation, norepinephrine.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65(1): 35-42, 2003 It has been demonstrated that lymphoid organs, including the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes, are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system [9,45]. Norepinephrine (NE), a signaling molecule of the nervous system, is released from sympathetic nerve terminals and binds to high affinity β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) that are expressed on various immune cells. β-AR transduce signals from NE to G protein, which in turn activates the adenylate cyclase to produce the second messenger cAMP. Stimulation of β-AR by NE has been reported to be associated with the cytokine production [35,36], cell proliferation [2], and the expression of surface molecules on immune cells [8,11,43].In the chicken, it is also observed that catecholamine modulates immune responses such as antibody responses [6,10], phytohemaglutinin wattle response and lymphocyte migration [31]. Denno et al. [6] showed that in vivo NE administration suppressed IgM-and IgG-PFC and in vitro NE treatment of spleen lymphocytes reduced IgM-PFC. This inhibition of IgM-PFC was blocked by treatment with antagonists to α-and β-receptors, suggesting that there are α-and β-receptor sites on lymphocytes and that catecholamine has a regulatory role in immunoglobulin synthesis.6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a neurotoxin that selectively destroys sympathetic nerve fibers with the catecholamine high a...

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Sympathetic nervous system modulation of the immune system. III. Alterations in T and B cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro following chemical sympathectomy

Cited by 155 publications

References 25 publications

Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987–2007)

Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987–2007)

Stress-induced remodeling of lymphoid innervation

Effects of 6-Hydroxydopamine on the Development of the Immune System in Chickens.

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