The effects of chronic stress on the human brain: From neurotoxicity, to vulnerability, to opportunity

Lupien, Sonia J.; Juster, Robert‐Paul; Raymond, Catherine; Marin, Marie‐France

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.02.001

Cited by 226 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 250 publications

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“…But, we know that stress and high CORT promotes tau accumulation and upregulation of aberrant tau phosphorylated species in wild type middle aged rats [24]. Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility of tau indirectly acting as a positive feedback modulator potentiating CORT-induced dendritic atrophy, neuronal death, and cognitive impairments in AD patients exposed to stress independent of the HPA axis [46,47]. This may explain how stress increases susceptibility to develop both diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hippocampal Neurogenesis Is Enhanced in Adult Tau Deficient Mice

Criado‐Marrero

Sabbagh

Jones

et al. 2020

Cells

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Tau dysfunction is common in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Affective symptoms have often been associated with aberrant tau pathology and are commonly comorbid in patients with tauopathies, indicating a connection between tau functioning and mechanisms of depression. The current study investigated depression-like behavior in Mapt−/− mice, which contain a targeted deletion of the gene coding for tau. We show that 6-month Mapt−/− mice are resistant to depressive behaviors, as evidenced by decreased immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests, as well as increased escape behavior in a learned helplessness task. Since depression has also been linked to deficient adult neurogenesis, we measured neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. We found that neurogenesis is increased in the dentate gyrus of 14-month-old Mapt−/− brains compared to wild type, providing a potential mechanism for their behavioral phenotypes. In addition to the hippocampus, an upregulation of proteins involved in neurogenesis was observed in the frontal cortex and amygdala of the Mapt−/− mice using proteomic mass spectrometry. All together, these findings suggest that tau may have a role in the depressive symptoms observed in many neurodegenerative diseases and identify tau as a potential molecular target for treating depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hippocampal Neurogenesis Is Enhanced in Adult Tau Deficient Mice

Criado‐Marrero

Sabbagh

Jones

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…Recently, Huang et al34 performed RNA sequencing analysis of the telencephalon in chronically stressed adult zebrafish and revealed the altered expression of 155 genes, some of which are known to be critical for memory. Although this chronic stress treatment did not include dietary stress, we consider that the HF diet might also produce memory-associated gene expression changes in the telencephalon of zebrafish similar to that in mammals[28][29][30][31][35][36][37] .…”

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confidence: 99%

High-fat diet impairs cognitive function of zebrafish

Meguro

Hosoi

Hasumura

2019

Sci Rep

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An unhealthy diet with excessive fat intake has often been claimed to induce not only obesity but also cognitive dysfunction in mammals; however, it is not known whether this is the case in zebrafish. Here, we investigated the effect of excessive fat in the diet on cognitive function and on gene expression in the telencephalon of zebrafish. Cognitive function, as measured by active avoidance test, was impaired by feeding of a high-fat diet compared with a control diet. In RNA sequencing analysis of the telencephalon, 97 genes were identified with a fold change in expression greater than 2 and a p-value less than 0.05 between the two diets. In quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the telencephalon, genes related to neuronal activity, anti-oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier function and amyloid-β degradation were found to be downregulated, whereas genes related to apoptosis and amyloid-β production were found to be upregulated, in the high-fat diet group, which are changes known to occur in mammals fed a high-fat diet. Collectively, these results are similar to those found in mammals, suggesting that zebrafish can serve as a suitable animal model in research into cognitive impairment induced by excessive fat in the diet.According to the World Health Organization, in December 2017 around 50 million people had dementia, and 10 million new cases emerge every year 1 . Dementia is a syndrome-usually of a chronic or progressive nature-in which there is deterioration in cognitive function 1 . Some research has shown a relationship between the development of cognitive impairment and life-style-related risk factors that are shared with other non-communicable diseases 1 . Obesity and unhealthy diet are two risk factors for dementia 1,2 . Excessive fat intake has often been claimed to induce obesity in humans and rodents 3,4 . Although numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the effects of obesity and excessive dietary fat intake on cognitive function in rodents [5][6][7] , no such studies have been conducted in zebrafish (Danio rerio).The organs and tissues of zebrafish are similar in terms of structure and function to those of humans. In addition, these fish are amenable to genetic manipulation, breed readily in captivity, and can be inexpensively maintained, making them a useful model organism for investigating many human pathological conditions 8 . Several reports suggest that zebrafish are a suitable model organism for examining the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism leading to obesity. For example, overexpression of the endogenous melanocortin antagonist agouti-related protein or the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt1 results in the development of adiposity in zebrafish 9,10 . Overfeeding and a high-fat (HF) diet induce body fat accumulation in zebrafish through pathophysiological pathways common with those underlying mammalian obesity; furthermore, green tea extract and fish oil, which have well-known anti-obesity activities, can cancel out these effects. Thus, zebrafish are a useful model of human...

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“…For the extinction of the pathological stressful response to occur the patient typically undergoes behavioral therapy that includes controlled exposure to the stressor and is gradually trained in recognizing and managing the effects. Considering that even a neutral stimuli can cause a stress reaction and cause pathological responses for decades after danger has passed (VanElzakker et al 2014) and the fact that behavioral therapy itself can lead to worsening of the symptoms (Lupien et al 2018), there needs to be considerable care in designing the virtual environments, as well as in the choice of stressors and corresponding physiological measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of electrodermal and cardio-vascular reactivity in virtual reality through a combined stress induction protocol

Kerous

Barteček

Román

et al. 2020

J Ambient Intell Human Comput

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In this study, task-related stress induction through Stroop task and social stress induction protocol based on elements of Trier Social Stress Test are examined. The aim of the paper is to find the optimal combination of social and task-related stress to be used to consistently and reliably induce a stressful reaction. In total 16 healthy subjects participated in this study that seeks to find and compare the different stressors and their relation to physiological reactivity. Our findings show that electrodermal activity measurements are suitable when using a combination of stressors while heart rate and Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences highlight a greater reactivity to task-stress.

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The effects of chronic stress on the human brain: From neurotoxicity, to vulnerability, to opportunity

Cited by 226 publications

References 250 publications

Hippocampal Neurogenesis Is Enhanced in Adult Tau Deficient Mice

Hippocampal Neurogenesis Is Enhanced in Adult Tau Deficient Mice

High-fat diet impairs cognitive function of zebrafish

Examination of electrodermal and cardio-vascular reactivity in virtual reality through a combined stress induction protocol

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