The Pharmacological Case for Cannabigerol

Nachnani, Rahul; Raup‐Konsavage, Wesley M.; Vrana, Kent E.

doi:10.1124/jpet.120.000340

Cited by 100 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The pharmacology of ∆ 9 -THC is relatively well-established: THC is a CB1R and CB2R partial agonist [ 39 ]. The pharmacology of CBD is less clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pharmacology of CBD is less clear. CBD may operate through components of the endocannabinoid system with low affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors [ 39 ] or on different neurotransmitter systems and pathways. Other CBD effects may be mediated by direct activation of 5-hydroxytrypamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptors [ 34 , 35 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) [ 17 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabidiol but Not Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rat Hippocampal Slices Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation: Studies with Cannabis Extracts and Selected Cannabinoids

Landucci

Mazzantini

Lana

et al. 2021

IJMS

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(1) Background: Over the past 10 years, a number of scientific studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of cannabinoid compounds present in the Cannabis Sativa and Indica plants. However, their role in mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration following cerebral ischemia is yet unclear. (2) Methods: We investigated the effects of Cannabis extracts (Bedrocan, FM2) or selected cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabigerol) in rat organotypic hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro model of forebrain global ischemia. Cell death in the CA1 subregion of slices was quantified by propidium iodide fluorescence, and morphological analysis and tissue organization were examined by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. (3) Results: Incubation with the Bedrocan extract or THC exacerbated, whereas incubation with the FM2 extract or cannabidiol attenuated CA1 injury induced by OGD. Δ9-THC toxicity was prevented by CB1 receptor antagonists, the neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol was blocked by TRPV2, 5-HT1A, and PPARγ antagonists. Confocal microscopy confirmed that CBD, but not THC, had a significant protective effect toward neuronal damage and tissue disorganization caused by OGD in organotypic hippocampal slices. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that cannabinoids play different roles in the mechanisms of post-ischemic neuronal death. In particular, appropriate concentrations of CBD or CBD/THC ratios may represent a valid therapeutic intervention in the treatment of post-ischemic neuronal death.

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“…The pharmacology of ∆ 9 -THC is relatively well-established: THC is a CB1R and CB2R partial agonist [ 39 ]. The pharmacology of CBD is less clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabidiol but Not Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rat Hippocampal Slices Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation: Studies with Cannabis Extracts and Selected Cannabinoids

Landucci

Mazzantini

Lana

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychotropic Cannabis-derived cannabinoid (CB) (Gaoni and Mechoulam, 1964). Several studies support analgesic, anti-depressant, anti-cancer, antiinflammatory, and anti-hypertensive actions for CBG in mammals (Borrelli et al, 2014;Nachnani et al, 2020). Farha et al (2020) demonstrated an anti-bacterial activity of CBG against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Bacterial Properties of Cannabigerol Toward Streptococcus mutans

et al. 2021

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Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a gram-positive facultatively anaerobic bacterium and the most common pathogen associated with tooth caries. The organism is acid tolerant and can undergo physiological adaptation to function effectively in acid environments such as carious dental plaque. Some cannabinoids have been found to have potent anti-microbial activity against gram-positive bacteria. One of these is the non-psychoactive, minor phytocannabinoid Cannabigerol (CBG). Here we show that CBG exhibits anti-bacterial activities against S. mutans. CBG halts the proliferation of planktonic growing S. mutans, which is affected by the initial cell density. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy showed that the CBG-treated bacteria become swollen with altered membrane structures. Transmission electron microscopy provided data showing that CBG treatment leads to intracellular accumulation of membrane structures. Nile red, DiOC2(3) and laurdan staining demonstrated that CBG alters the membrane properties, induces membrane hyperpolarization, and decreases the membrane fluidity. CBG-treated bacteria showed increased propidium iodide uptake and reduced calcein AM staining, suggesting that CBG increases the membrane permeability and reduces the metabolic activity. Furthermore, CBG prevented the drop in pH caused by the bacteria. In summary, we present here data showing the mechanisms by which CBG exerts its anti-bacterial effect against S. mutans.

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“…In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that cannabigerol (CBG) and its synthetic quinone derivative (VCE-003.2) have neuroprotective potential to reduce the severity of neurologic illnesses, such as Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, primarily mediated by PPAR-γ [ 27 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 ]. CBG and VCE-003.2 have been shown to reduce inflammatory molecules, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and MIP-1α in rat microglial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [ 27 ].…”

Section: Cannabinoids In the Neurological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

2021

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Significant growth of interest in cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), especially its natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, has been observed recently. This narrative review aimed to present the state of the art of research concerning the anti-inflammatory activity of all classes of cannabinoids published in the last five years. Multimodal properties of cannabinoids include their involvement in immunological processes, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. Cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid compounds of cannabis proved their anti-inflammatory effects in numerous animal models. The research in humans is missing, and the results are unconvincing. Although preclinical evidence suggests cannabinoids are of value in treating chronic inflammatory diseases, the clinical evidence is scarce, and further well-designed clinical trials are essential to determine the prospects for using cannabinoids in inflammatory conditions.

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The Pharmacological Case for Cannabigerol

Cited by 100 publications

References 70 publications

Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabidiol but Not Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rat Hippocampal Slices Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation: Studies with Cannabis Extracts and Selected Cannabinoids

Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabidiol but Not Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rat Hippocampal Slices Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation: Studies with Cannabis Extracts and Selected Cannabinoids

Anti-Bacterial Properties of Cannabigerol Toward Streptococcus mutans

The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

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