The prevalence of dementia in urban and rural areas of China

Jia, Jianping; Wang, Fen; Wei, Cuibai; Zhou, Aihong; Jia, X.; Li, Fang; Tang, Miaoling; Chu, Lan; Zhou, You-long; Zhou, Chunkui; Cui, Yong; Wang, Qi; Wang, Weishan; Yin, Peng; Hu, Nan; Zuo, Xianbo; Song, Haiqing; Qin, Wei; Wu, Liyong; Li, Dan; Jia, Longfei; Song, Juexian; Han, Ying; Xing, Yi; Yang, Peijie; Li, Yuemei; Qiao, Yuchen; Tang, Yi; Lv, Jihui; Dong, Xingtong

doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.01.012

Cited by 344 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although not all research results are in agreement, the majority of the data suggests that diabetics, specifically T2D subjects, are at much higher risk of developing AD than normal subjects. Elderly people with diabetes have an especially increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) [18] and an association of diabetes with MCI varies with amyloid subtype (amnestic) MCI and nonamnestic MCI) and number of domains, and with the sex of the patient, with females being more susceptible than males [19]. Diabetes as a significant risk factor for dementia or AD has been clearly established by studies in the US [20] and several other countries (Taiwan [21], China [22], Japan [23], and Finland [24]).…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAssociation of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has been well established. Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc (Cyclo-Z) treatment ameliorated diabetes in rats and similar improvements have been seen in human patients. Treatment of amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice with Cyclo-Z exhibited memory improvements and significantly reduced Aβ-40 and Aβ-42 protein levels in the brain tissues of the mice.Scope of reviewMetabolic relationship between AD and T2D will be described with particular attention to insulin sensitivity and Aβ degradation in brain and plasma tissues. Mechanistic effect of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) in decreasing blood glucose and brain Aβ levels will be elucidated. Cyclo-Z effects on these biochemical parameters will be discussed.Major conclusionStimulation of IDE synthesis is effective for the clinical treatment of metabolic diseases including AD and T2D.General significanceCyclo-Z might be the effective treatment of AD and T2D by stimulating IDE synthesis.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have documented a strong association between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [44]. However, the mechanisms underlying this association have not been clearly established.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

et al. 2017

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“…It affects the individual's ability to function independently. With the aging of Chinese population, dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) become a significant public health problem, the prevalence is increasing, now representing 5.14% for dementia and 20.8% for MCI, indicating that approximately 5.9 million and 23.9 million Chinese aged 65 years and older with dementia and MCI are currently living in China respectively (1,2). This underlines the importance of risk factors assessment and early intervention of cognitive function in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Yin

Chei

et al. 2016

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Objectives-The association between cognitive function and cholesterol levels is poorly understood and inconsistent results exist among the elderly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of cholesterol level with cognitive performance among Chinese elderly.Design-A cross-sectional study was implemented in 2012 and data were analyzed using generalized additive models, linear regression models and logistic regression models. Conflict of interestThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests. Ethical standardsThe authors declare that all the experiments of this study complied with the current laws of China in which they were performed. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptSetting-Community-based setting in eight longevity areas in China.Subjects-A total of 2000 elderly aged 65 years and over (mean 85.8±12.0 years) participated in this study. Measurements-Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration were determined and cognitive impairment was defined as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score≤23.Results-There was a significant positive linear association between TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C and MMSE score in linear regression models. Each 1 mmol/L increase in TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C corresponded to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment in logistic regression models. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C had a lower risk of cognitive impairment. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI were 0.73(0.62-0.84) for TC, 0.81(0.70-0.94) for LDL-C and 0.81(0.70-0.94) for HDL-C. There was no gender difference in the protective effects of high TC and LDL-C levels on cognitive impairment. However, for high HDL-C levels the effect was only observed in women. High TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels were associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment in the oldest old (aged 80 and older), but not in the younger elderly (aged 65 to 79 years).Conclusions-These findings suggest that cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance in Chinese elderly, specifically in the oldest old. With further validation, low cholesterol may serve a clinical indicator of risk for cognitive impairment in the elderly.

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“…It is estimated that more than 35.6 million people lived with dementia worldwide in 2010; this number will be doubled by 2030, and tripled by 2050 [1]. Based on estimation, the prevalence of dementia and AD among individuals aged 65 years and older in China were around 5.14% and 3.21% respectively [2], and are increasing nationwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive History and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

Chen

et al. 2015

JAD

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Abstract.Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that proxies of higher lifetime estrogen exposure are associated with better cognitive function in postmenopausal women, but this has not been found consistently. Objective: To determine whether reproductive history, an important modifier of estrogen exposure across the lifetime, is associated with risk of cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women. Methods: We analyzed the baseline data from Zhejiang Major Public Health Surveillance Program (ZPHS) including 4,796 postmenopausal women. Cognitive impairment was assessed through the application of Mini-Mental State Examination questionnaire. Logistic regression models, controlled for an extensive range of potential confounders, were generated to examine the associations between women's reproductive history and risk of cognitive impairment in their later life. Results: The length of reproductive period was inversely associated with risk of cognitive impairment (p = 0.001). Odds ratio (OR) of cognitive impairment were 1.316 (95% CI 1.095∼1.582) for women with 5 or more times of full-term pregnancies, compared with those with 1∼4 times of full-term pregnancies. Women without incomplete pregnancy had a significant higher risk of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.194, 95% CI 1.000∼1.429), compared with the reference (1∼2 times of incomplete pregnancies). Oral contraceptive use (OR = 0.489, 95% CI 0.263∼0.910) and intrauterine device (IUD) use (OR = 0.684, 95% CI 0.575∼0.815) were associated with significantly reduced risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Our results indicated that shorter reproductive period, higher number of full-term pregnancies and no incomplete pregnancy history were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. In contrast, oral contraceptive and IUD use corresponded to reduced risk of cognitive impairment.

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The prevalence of dementia in urban and rural areas of China

Abstract: A notably higher prevalence of dementia and AD was found in rural areas than in urban ones, and education might be an important reason for the urban-rural differences.

Cited by 344 publications

References 36 publications

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Reproductive History and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

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