The Role of Nutritional Factors in the Modulation of the Composition of the Gut Microbiota in People with Autoimmune Diabetes

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disease marked by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and the presence of autoantibodies. The gut microbiota has been shown to be involved in the alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as strengthening immunity, thus its’ possible involvement in the pathogenesis of T1DM has been highlighted. The goal of the present study is to analyze information on the relationship between the structure of the intestinal microbiome and the occurrence of T1DM. The modification of the intestinal microbiota can increase the proportion of SCFA-producing bacteria, which could in turn be effective in the prevention and/or treatment of T1DM. The increased daily intake of soluble and non-soluble fibers, as well as the inclusion of pro-biotics, prebiotics, herbs, spices, and teas that are sources of phytobiotics, in the diet, could be important in improving the composition and activity of the microbiota and thus in the prevention of metabolic disorders. Understanding how the microbiota interacts with immune cells to create immune tolerance could enable the development of new therapeutic strategies for T1DM and improve the quality of life of people with T1DM.

Simulate the Dynamic Interactions Across Nutritional Supplements, the Polybiome, and the Biochemical Approach Dependent on Patient-Derived Gastrointestinal Knowledge

“…The progression of illnesses such colon cancer metastases, which may affect intestinal lumen homeostasis, is controlled by the disease, dietary behavior patterns, dysbacteriosis of the microbial population, and gastrointestinal endophytic mediators [243][244][245][246][247]. Most models used to decode food, microbiota, and host interactions are animal-based.…”

Complex regulatory effects of gut microbial short-chain fatty acids on immune tolerance and autoimmunity

“…Microbes that are efficient in producing SCFAs are generally considered beneficial and are enriched in the gut of healthy hosts with sufficient levels of DF in their diet [ 24 – 26 ]. In contrast, people consuming low levels of DF or having chronic health conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, are variably deficient in SCFA-producing microbes [ 27 , 28 ]. In addition to SCFA production and microbial changes, DFs have stool bulking and transit time-shortening effects [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Microbiome‐modulating nutraceuticals ameliorate dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression of clinical trials

“…With recent links between dysbiosis of the gut and pathology diseases garnering traction across multiple research fields, 19 the potential of homoeostasis modulation of the gut via various nutraceuticals or faecal microbial transplants to ameliorate various metabolic, [20][21][22] neurological, oncological and inflammatory disorders has also garnered interest. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Although our understanding of the microbiome increases daily, its therapeutic use still requires considerable undertaking. Pro/pre/synbiotics and other gut modulatory therapeutics are being investigated for their potential in alleviating symptoms in adjunct with standard pharmacological therapy.…”

“…When used in combination, they are termed synbiotics. With recent links between dysbiosis of the gut and pathology diseases garnering traction across multiple research fields, 19 the potential of homoeostasis modulation of the gut via various nutraceuticals or faecal microbial transplants to ameliorate various metabolic, 20–22 neurological, oncological and inflammatory disorders has also garnered interest 23–32 . Although our understanding of the microbiome increases daily, its therapeutic use still requires considerable undertaking.…”