The Skin Picking Impact Scale (SPIS): Scale Development and Psychometric Analyses

Keuthen, Nancy J.; Deckersbach, Thilo; Wilhelm, Sabine; Engelhard, Iris M.; Forker, Amy; OʼSullivan, Richard; Jenike, Michael A.; Baer, Lee

doi:10.1176/appi.psy.42.5.397

Cited by 117 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The SPS is a 6-item measure of skin picking severity designed after the Yale-Brown ObsessiveCompulsive Scale (Keuthen et al, 2001b). Items are rated from 0 to 4 (extreme) and assess the specifics of skin picking behavior, such as frequency and intensity of urges.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Items are rated from 0 to 4 (extreme) and assess the specifics of skin picking behavior, such as frequency and intensity of urges. Sensitivity and specificity analyses conducted by Keuthen et al (2001b) determine a total score of seven to differentiate between those who engage in pathological skin picking and those who engage in non-selfinjurious forms of skin picking. Excellent psychometric properties have been noted including good internal consistency (alpha = .80), moderate correlations with self-reported duration of skin picking episodes (Keuthen et al, 2001b), and a moderate association with the Focused subscale of the focused subscale of the Milwaukee Inventory for the Dimensions of Adult Skin Picking (Walther, Flessner, Conelea, & Woods, in press).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeled directly after the Trichotillomania Impact Scale (O'Sullivan et al, unpublished), this 10-item questionnaire measures the psychosocial impact of skin picking over the previous week (Keuthen et al, 2001a). Items describe commonly experienced psychosocial consequences of skin picking (i.e., ''I hate the way I look because of my skin picking,'' or ''It takes me longer to go out because of my skin picking'').…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Skin picking behaviors: An examination of the prevalence and severity in a community sample

Hayes

Storch

Berlanga

2009

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

199

135

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Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) have recently gained attention in the psychiatric literature given their prevalence, considerable associated impairment (Bohne, Wilhelm, Keuthen, Baer, & Jenike, 2002;Teng, Woods, Twohig, & Marcks, 2002), and possible link to other obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (Bienvenu et al., 2000;Hollander, 1993;Hollander & Wong, 1995;Jaisoorya, Reddy, & Srinath, 2003). ''Nervous habits'' such as nailbiting, hair pulling, and skin picking are often seen by healthcare practitioners as common and benign, but awareness of the impairment linked to these behaviors is limited (Arnold, Auchenbach, & McElroy, 2001;Bohne, Keuthen, & Wilhelm, 2005). Due to the variance in criteria defining the BFRBs and under-reporting of symptoms, prevalence rates have been difficult to determine. At least one BFRB was reported by 13.7% of 105 college students, nailbiting being the most common (Teng et al., 2002). While suspected to regulate negative affective states (Christenson, Ristvedt, & Mackenzie, 1993;Diefenbach, Mouton-Odum, & Stanley, 2002;Keuthen et al., 2000), BFRBs often directly result in significant distress and impaired social or occupational functioning as a result of their wounds or attempts to conceal them (Christenson, Mackenzie, & Mitchell, 1991;Flessner & Woods, 2006;O'Sullivan et al., 1997;Wilhelm et al., 1999). Further, many people report that their BFRB causes such shame and embarrassment that they withdraw from social activities (Keuthen et al., 2000;Stemberger, Thomas, Mansueto, & Carter, 2000;Wilhelm et al., 1999;Woods, Fuqua, & Outman, 1999). Together, BFRBs have been unofficially grouped under the obsessive-compulsive spectrum (Arnold et al., 1998;Hollander, 1993;Hollander & Wong, 1995;Stein et al., 1995), which includes conditions associated with OCD on one anchor point to behaviors characteristic of impulse-control disorders (ICDs), such as pathological gambling.Of the BFRBs discussed, trichotillomania is the only condition given distinct classification in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-R; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Trichotillomania, affecting an estimated 1-3% of the general population, is listed as an ICD and characterized by repetitive hair pulling which results in noticeable hair loss most commonly from the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes (Christenson et al., 1991). The behavior can result in serious physical consequences. For example, irreversible damage to hair roots due to repetitive pulling can cause permanent baldness, and the chewing and eating of pulled hair can lead to dental complications and gastrointestinal blockage (O'Sullivan et al., 1997). Like other disorders marked by impulsivity, individuals with trichotillomania typically experience an increase in Body-focused repetitive behaviors such as skin picking have gained recent attention in the psychiatric literature. Prevalence of skin picking has not been well researched and is difficult to estimate; however, consequences of such behaviors can include seve...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Skin picking behaviors: An examination of the prevalence and severity in a community sample

Hayes

Storch

Berlanga

2009

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

199

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Scores on the SPIS range from 0 to 50, and a score of 7 or above indicates clinical skin picking. The SPIS has demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.88 to 0.93) with whole part correlations for the 10 items being between 0.60 and 0.80, high reliability, and acceptable convergent and divergent validity when compared to measures of psychological functioning (Keuthen et al, 2001). Keuthen et al, 1995).…”

Section: Measures Skin Picking Severitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Skin Picking Impact Scale (SPIS, Keuthen et al, 2001). The SPIS is a 10-question selfreport measure that assesses the severity of skin picking.…”

Section: Measures Skin Picking Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for chronic skin picking

Twohig

Hayes

Masuda

2006

Behaviour Research and Therapy

109

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References

2010

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

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The Skin Picking Impact Scale (SPIS): Scale Development and Psychometric Analyses

Cited by 117 publications

References 31 publications

Skin picking behaviors: An examination of the prevalence and severity in a community sample

Skin picking behaviors: An examination of the prevalence and severity in a community sample

A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for chronic skin picking

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