Within- and between-individual variability in estimated energy expenditure and habitual physical activity among young adults

Wickel, Eric E.; Eisenmann, Joey C.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602348

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In our previous investigation of the day-today variability in AEE and total energy expenditure (TEE) among college-aged students, we found relatively stable TEE values (mean CV * 12%) despite large daily fluctuations in AEE (mean CV * 32%) (Wickel and Eisenmann, 2006). The finding for TEE is consistent with doubly labeled water studies (Black and Cole, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Despite relatively consistent values over the monitoring period, differences in daily step counts could be explained by the day of the week (weekdays > weekend days) and the season (summer > spring and winter). Buchowski et al (2004) recently examined the patterns of physical activity in freeliving adults and found that the CV for accelerometer-derived activity counts approximated 27%, which is similar to the CV found in the present study (22%) and for activity energy expenditure (AEE) assessed with an activity diary among college-aged participants (CV * 32%) (Wickel and Eisenmann, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Do children take the same number of steps every day?

Wickel

Eisenmann

Pangrazi

et al. 2007

American J Hum Biol

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The purpose of this study was to examine the day-to-day variability in pedometer-assessed physical activity (steps/day). A total of 1,443 children aged 6-12 years from the United States (195 boys, 254 girls), Sweden (257 boys, 252 girls), and Australia (229 boys, 256 girls) wore a pedometer for 4 consecutive weekdays. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine daily differences in steps/day and the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for each individual to describe the day-to-day variability. Overall, mean steps/day were higher among boys (14,698 +/- 3,373 steps/day) than girls (12,086 +/- 2,929 steps/day). Significant differences were found between the 4 monitoring days for the entire sample; however, the absolute mean differences were small (55-958 steps) with an overall effect size of 0.01. This trend was apparent regardless of age, gender, and country. Individual CVs ranged from approximately 2 to 88% and the overall mean CV approximated 22%. An age-related increase in the mean CV was observed between 6- and 12-year-old children. The age x gender x country interaction was not significant (P > 0.05). These findings have implications toward the proper design, analysis, and interpretation of studies regarding physical activity among children. Beyond this aspect, our results lend insight into potential age-related biological mechanisms that may also influence daily levels and patterns of physical activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Do children take the same number of steps every day?

Wickel

Eisenmann

Pangrazi

et al. 2007

American J Hum Biol

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“…These results have been replicated in young adults using a 3-day diary reporting method. Results showed a large coefficient of variation for energy expended during MVPA (84%), but a small coefficient of variation for DEE (12%) (Wickel and Eisenmann, 2006). Therefore, when energy expended during MVPA was higher, the amount of energy expended during inactivity was lower, such that some degree of compensation occurred for DEE.…”

Section: Studies Of Free-living Humansmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The extra time spent running and feeding was deducted from time spent resting, climbing/feeding on the cage lid, locomoting on the cage floor and grooming. Weight gain and food consumption (Wickel and Eisenmann, 2006)], but, as shown here, some compensation occurred in that the energy expended during inactive behaviours was reduced. However, the slope (-0.25) is much shallower than -1 (dashed line), indicating that compensation was incomplete.…”

Section: Voluntary Exercise Spa and Food Consumption In Laboratory Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Garland

Schutz

Chappell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

369

425

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Summary Mammals expend energy in many ways, including basic cellular maintenance and repair, digestion, thermoregulation, locomotion, growth and reproduction. These processes can vary tremendously among species and individuals, potentially leading to large variation in daily energy expenditure (DEE). Locomotor energy costs can be substantial for large-bodied species and those with high-activity lifestyles. For humans in industrialized societies, locomotion necessary for daily activities is often relatively low, so it has been presumed that activity energy expenditure and DEE are lower than in our ancestors. Whether this is true and has contributed to a rise in obesity is controversial. In humans, much attention has centered on spontaneous physical activity (SPA) or non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), the latter sometimes defined so broadly as to include all energy expended due to activity, exclusive of volitional exercise. Given that most people in Western societies engage in little voluntary exercise, increasing NEAT may be an effective way to maintain DEE and combat overweight and obesity. One way to promote NEAT is to decrease the amount of time spent on sedentary behaviours (e.g. watching television). The effects of voluntary exercise on other components of physical activity are highly variable in humans, partly as a function of age, and have rarely been studied in rodents. However, most rodent studies indicate that food consumption increases in the presence of wheels; therefore, other aspects of physical activity are not reduced enough to compensate for the energetic cost of wheel running. Most rodent studies also show negative effects of wheel access on body fat, especially in males. Sedentary behaviours per se have not been studied in rodents in relation to obesity. Several lines of evidence demonstrate the important role of dopamine, in addition to other neural signaling networks (e.g. the endocannabinoid system), in the control of voluntary exercise. A largely separate literature points to a key role for orexins in SPA and NEAT. Brain reward centers are involved in both types of physical activities and eating behaviours, likely leading to complex interactions. Moreover, voluntary exercise and, possibly, eating can be addictive. A growing body of research considers the relationships between personality traits and physical activity, appetite, obesity and other aspects of physical and mental health. Future studies should explore the neurobiology, endocrinology and genetics of physical activity and sedentary behaviour by examining key brain areas, neurotransmitters and hormones involved in motivation, reward and/or the regulation of energy balance.

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“…In the past few years, we have pursued a better understanding of the phenotypic variation in the habitual, free-living locomotor activity and energy expenditure phenotypes among human children and adolescents Eisenmann 2006, 2007a, b;Wickel et al 2007). In so doing, we have included reports on the day-to-day variability using a variety of physical activity assessment tools (activity diaries, pedometers, and accelerometers) (Wickel and Eisenmann 2006;Wickel et al 2007). In general, the results show small diVerences in the mean day-to-day physical activity levels and a mean coeYcient of variation (CV) of daily physical activity that approximates 25%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Day-to-day variability in voluntary wheel running among genetically differentiated lines of mice that vary in activity level

et al. 2009

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This study examined the day-to-day variability in voluntary wheel-running behavior among three genetically distinct lines of young male and female mice. Daily wheel revolutions were recorded at an age of 6-8 weeks in 10 males and 10 females from each of 3 lines: selectively bred line for high wheel running (Line 8), selectively bred for high wheel-running activity and fixed for a Mendelian recessive allele that reduces hind-limb muscle mass by 50% (Line 3), non-selected control (Line 2). There were significant mean differences in revolutions/day among weeks (P = 0.003), but the effect size was small (10%). Significant main effects for wheel running were also revealed for sex and line (P < 0.001). The grand mean +/- SD for the coefficient of variation (CV) of intra-individual wheel running was 23.0 +/- 10.8%. Although a significant main effect for the CV was found for week, the effect size was low (7%) (age 6 weeks, 23.4 +/- 10.9%; age 7 weeks, 25.1 +/- 13.2%; age 8 weeks, 20.1 +/- 7.8%). The overall mean CV was similar between females (21.4 +/- 9.8%) and males (24.4 +/- 12.0%) and among lines (Line 2, 23.4 +/- 9.8%; Line 3, 20.4 +/- 7.6%; and Line 8, 25.0 +/- 14.4%). These findings are consistent with our previous work in young humans and lend further support for the hypothesis that biological mechanisms influence daily levels of physical activity.

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Within- and between-individual variability in estimated energy expenditure and habitual physical activity among young adults

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Do children take the same number of steps every day?

Do children take the same number of steps every day?

The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent perspectives

Day-to-day variability in voluntary wheel running among genetically differentiated lines of mice that vary in activity level

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